briefly explain about refraction in glass slab
Answers
When the light rays either bend or change their direction while passing from one medium to another it is called refraction of light. The refraction of light takes place when light travels from air into glass, from glass into air, from air into water or from water into air.
The example of optical instruments that work on the basis of refraction of light are camera, microscope etc.
Incident ray: The light rays passing from air into glass or water are called incident rays.
Refracted ray: When the light rays bend after passing into another medium, they are called refracted rays.
Normal: The point of incidence is called normal.
Angle of incidence: The angel between incident ray and normal is called angel of incidence.
Angle of refraction: The angel between refracted ray and normal is called angle of refraction.
The angle of refraction is either smaller or greater than angle of incidence.
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Causes of refraction
Light travels in different speed in different mediums. For example light travels faster in air than in a glass. Therefore, it is due to the change of speed of light in different medium that the light rays are refracted.
Optically rarer medium
A transparent substance (medium) in which the speed of light is more is called optically rarer medium.
Optically denser medium
A transparent substance (medium) in which the speed of light is less is known as optically denser medium.
Glass is an optically denser medium than air and water.
Rules for refraction of light
Case 1: When light rays travel from optically rarer medium to denser medium then they bend towards normal. In this case angle of refraction is smaller than angel of incidence.
When light rays travel from air into glass or from air into water, it bends towards normal. This is because the speed of light rays decrease while travelling from air into glass or water.
Case 2: When light rays travel from optically denser medium to rarer medium then they bend away from the normal. In this case the angle of refraction is greater than angle of incidence.
When light rays travel from glass into air or from water into air they bend away from the normal. The speed of light rays increase while travelling from glass or water into air.
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