briefly explain
about trabsportation
of gases in human body?
Answers
Answer:
hey mate here you go,
Explanation:
Apply the Law of Partial Pressures to predict direction of gas movement in solution
Explain the functional adaptations of gas exchange surfaces in animals using Fick’s Law (surface area, distance, concentration gradients and perfusion)
Compare and contrast the structure/function of gills, tracheae, and lungs
Describe the reversible binding of O2 to hemoglobin (dissociation curves)
Predict the effects of pH, temperature, and CO2 concentrations on hemoglobin affinity for O2
The information below was adapted from OpenStax Biology 39.0
Gas Exchange across Respiratory Surfaces
The information below was adapted from OpenStax Biology 39.2
The structure of any respiratory surface (lungs, gills, tracheae), maximizes its surface area to increase gas diffusion. Because of the enormous number of alveoli (approximately 300 million in each human lung), the surface area of the lung is very large (75 m2). Having such a large surface area increases the amount of gas that can diffuse into and out of the lungs. Respiratory surfaces are also extremely thin (typically only one cell thick), minimizing the distance gas must diffuse across the surface.
Basic Principles of Gas Exchange
Gas exchange during respiration occurs primarily through diffusion. Diffusion is a process in which transport is driven by a concentration gradient. Gas molecules move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. Blood that is low in oxygen concentration and high in carbon dioxide concentration undergoes gas exchange with air in the lungs. The air in the lungs has a higher concentration of oxygen than that of oxygen-depleted blood and a lower concentration of carbon dioxide. This concentration gradient allows for gas exchange during respiration.
Partial pressure is a measure of the concentration of the individual components in a mixture of gases. The total pressure exerted by the mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the components in the mixture. The rate of diffusion of a gas is proportional to its partial pressure within the total gas mixture.
Gas Pressure and Respiration
The respiratory process can be better understood by examining the properties of gases. Gases move freely, but gas particles are constantly hitting the walls of their vessel, thereby producing gas pressure.
Air is a mixture of gases, primarily nitrogen (N2; 78.6 percent), oxygen (O2; 20.9 percent), water vapor (H2O; 0.5 percent), and carbon dioxide (CO2; 0.04 percent). Each gas component of that mixture exerts a pressure. The pressure for an individual gas in the mixture is the partial pressure of that gas. Approximately 21 percent of atmospheric gas is oxygen. Carbon dioxide, however, is found in relatively small amounts, 0.04 percent. The partial pressure for oxygen is much greater than that of carbon dioxide. The partial pressure of any gas can be calculated by:
P = (Patm)— (percent content in mixture).
Patm, the atmospheric pressure, is the sum of all of the partial pressures of the atmospheric gases added together,
Patm = PN2 +PO2+ PH2O+ PCO2= 760 mm Hg
The pressure of the atmosphere at sea level is 760 mm Hg. Therefore, the partial pressure of oxygen is:
PO2= (760mm Hg) (0.21) =160 mm Hg
and for carbon dioxide:
PCO2=(760 mm Hg) (0.0004) = 0.3 mm Hg.
To sum up the discussion of partial pressures above:
In short, the change in partial pressure from the alveoli to the capillaries drives the oxygen into the tissues and the carbon dioxide into the blood from the tissues. The blood is then transported to the lungs where differences in pressure in the alveoli result in the movement of carbon dioxide out of the blood into the lungs, and oxygen into the blood.
Explanation:
Respiratory Gas Transport
Read this page to see how the respiratory and cardiovascular systems work in tandem to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body.
Once the respiratory gases have diffused in the lungs, resulting in the blood becoming O2 rich and CO2 being exhaled, the next stage of transporting the O2 rich blood to the tissues that need it takes place.
At the same time the next batch of CO2 rich blood must be brought to the lungs for the process to take place again.
The transportation of gases throughout the body takes place in the bloodstream through the action of the cardiovascular system (heart and blood vessels), as can be seen in the adjacent image.
Oxygenated blood leaving the lungs flows back to the heart via the pulmonary veins and is then pumped to the rest of the body from the left ventricle via the aorta and its branches .
The amount of haemoglobin (Hb) in the blood determines its oxygen carrying capacity.
Increases in CO2, H+ ions or temperature will also decrease the ability of O2 to bind to Hb.
This in turn leads to a decrease in performance as less O2 means less production of energy through aerobic metabolism.
As the oxygen rich blood reaches the capillaries gas exchange occurs, oxygen is delivered to the tissues and de-oxygenated blood (loaded with CO2) leaves the tissues of the body and flows back to the heart where it is pumped to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries.
Once CO2 is transported to the lungs it diffuses out of the capillaries into the alveoli and exhaled out of the lungs
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