Question

Briefly explain any two types of bridges
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Answer 1

Answer:

Arch bridges – use arch as a main structural component (arch is always located below the bridge, never above it). With the help of mid-span piers, they can be made with one or more arches, depending on what kind of load and stress forces they must endure. The core component of the bridge is its abutments and pillars, which have to be built strong because they will carry the weight of the entire bridge structure and forces they convey.

Arch bridges can only be fixed, but they can support any decking fiction, including transport of pedestrians, light or heavy rail, vehicles and even be used as water-carrying aqueducts. The most popular materials for the construction of arch bridges are masonry stone, concrete, timber, wrought iron, cast iron and structural steel.Examples of arch bridge are “Old Bridge” in Mostar, Bosnia, and Herzegovina, and The Hell Gate Bridge in New York. The oldest stone arch bridge ever is Greek Arkadiko Bridge which is over 3 thousand years old. The longest stone arch bridge is Solkan Bridge in Slovenia with an impressive span of 220 meters.

Beam Bridges

Beam bridges – employ the simplest of forms – one or several horizontal beams that can either simply span the area between abutments or relieve some of the pressure on structural piers. The core force that impacts beam bridges is the transformation of vertical force into shear and flexural load that is transferred to the support structures (abutments or mid-bridge piers).

Because of their simplicity, they were the oldest bridges known to man. Initially built by simply dropping wooden logs over short rivers or ditches, this type of bridge started being used extensively with the arrival of metalworks, steel boxes, and pre-stressed construction concrete. Beam bridges today are separated into girder bridges, plate girder bridges, box girder bridges and simple beam bridges.

Individual decking of the segmented beam bridge can be of the same length, variable lengths, inclined or V-shaped. The most famous example of beam bridge is Lake Pontchartrain Causeway in southern Louisiana that is 23.83 miles (38.35 km) long.

Answer 2

Explanation:

• Bridges can be classified as either fixed or mobile.
• Fixed bridges are typically categorised according to their fundamental geometry, which can include arches, trusses, beams, girders, suspension, and cable stayed.
• For many years, steel has been a common material used in bridge construction.
• Concrete beams are used to build a lot of tiny bridges today.

1. ARCH BRIDGE:

• An arch bridge functions by directing the force of gravity downward into the centre of the construction, toward a central stone known as the keystone, as opposed to straight down.
• The arch below can support the surface, or deck, above it thanks to a concept known as compression.

2. BEAM BRIDGE:

• The beam bridge was the first form of bridge ever constructed because of its simplicity.
• The cost to build it is still the lowest.
• The span can be covered with a crossbeam that is supported by an abutment at each end.
• A girder bridge is one form of beam bridge that uses steel girders as reinforcement.

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