briefly explain child hood period
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Answer:
A period of physical development:
The child gains height at the average rate of about 3 inches per year. Children at the end of this stage generally have a height of 3 feet and 6 inches. The weight of the child also increases. Body proportions change markedly, and the “baby look” disappears. Difference in body build becomes apparent for the first time in early childhood with some children having a fat body build, some muscular body build and some others having a thin body build. Regarding the development of teeth, generally during the last half year of early childhood, the baby teeth begin to be replaced by permanent teeth, coordination of the finer muscles. The child acquires various motor skills like - catching, throwing, running, jumping, climbing, riding a tricycle, self-feeding, dressing, balancing, colouring, drawing etc.
A period of language development:
Early childhood is popularly known as “the chatterbox age”, because children are then able to speak with ease. By the time the children are two years old, most of the pre speech forms of communication they found so useful during babyhood are abandoned. Young children no longer babble, and their crying is greatly curtailed. They may use gestures, but mainly as supplements to speech.
During early childhood, there is a strong motivation on the part of most of the children to learn to speak. Because,’ learning to speak’ is an essential tool in socialization and a tool in achieving independence.
Major improvements in speech during Early Childhood are -
i) Improvement in comprehension: Children at this stage, develop the power of understanding about what others say to them, which helps them to communicate with others.
ii) Improvement in speech skills: Early childhood is normally a time when rapid developments are made in the major tasks of learning to speak - mastering pronunciation, building up a vocabulary. It means that young children begin to learn more words and their meanings, and to combine words into sentences. Children can speak simple to complex sentences.
A period of emotional development: Emotions are especially intense during early childhood. This is a time of disequilibrium when children are unable to control their emotions. Some common emotions of early childhood period are - anger, fear, jealousy, curiosity, envy, joy, grief, affection etc. The most common causes of anger in young children are conflicts over playthings, un-fulfillment of wishes, attacks from another child etc. Children express anger through temper tantrums, characterized by crying, screaming, stamping, kicking, jumping up and down, or striking.
Young children often become Envious of the abilities or material possessions of another child and they express their Envy in different ways. Young children derive Joy from such things as a sense of physical well-being, different situations, sudden or unexpected noise, slight calamities, playing pranks on others, completing different tasks etc. They express their joy by smiling, clapping, jumping, hugging etc.
Another emotion which finds its expression is Affection. Young children learn to love the things are - people, pets, toys or other objects - which give them pleasure. They express their affection by kissing, hugging and patting. Young children are saddened by the loss of anything they love or that is important to them. They express their Grief by crying and by losing interest in their normal activities, including eating.
A period of Social Development:
One of the important developmental tasks of early childhood is acquiring the preliminary training and experience needed to become a member of a “Gang” in late childhood. Thus, early childhood is often called as “The Pregang age”.
A period of Development of Understanding:
With increased intellectual abilities, specially the abilities to reason and to see relationships, young children’s understanding of people, objects and situations increases rapidly. This increase in understanding comes from new meanings being associated with meanings learned during baby-hood. Children come to know about the simple relationships, like - parents, sibling, relatives etc. By the time they are three years old, most young children know their sex, their full names, and names of different parts of their bodies. During the early childhood, the young children develop the concepts of bodily functions, space, size, numbers, colours, shapes, time, self, beauty etc.
A period of Development of Interests:
Early childhood is also a period when some common interests develop. These include -
i) Interest in play,
ii) Interest in human body,
iii) Interest in self,
iv) Interest in clothes,
v) Interest in Religion and
vi) Interest in Sex.
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