Briefly explain the basic organisation of a
computer.
Answers
A Computer has five functional independant units like Input Unit, Memory Unit, Arithmetic & Logic Unit, Output Unit, Control Unit. Computers take coded information via input unit. The most famous input device is keyboard.
Answer:
Organization of Computer:
Introduction
Computer Organization refers to the level of abstraction above the digital logic level, but below the operating system level.
In computer engineering, micro-architecture, also called computer organization, is the way a given instruction set architecture is implemented on a processor. A given ISA may be implemented with different micro-architectures.
Computer organization consist of following parts
CPU – central processing unit
Memory
Input devices
Output devices
CPU – central processing unit
Introduction
It is alternatively referred to as the brain of the computer, processor, central processor, or microprocessor, the CPU (pronounced as C-P-U) was first developed at Intel with the help of Ted Hoff in the early 1970’s and is short for Central Processing Unit. The computer CPU is responsible for handling all instructions it receives from hardware and software running on the computer.
CPU is considered as the brain of the computer. CPU performs all types of data processing operations. It stores data, intermediate results and instructions (program).It controls the operation of all parts of computer.
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CPU itself has following three components
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
All arithmetic calculations and logical operation are performed using the Arithmetic/Logical Unit or ALU
Memory Unit
A memory is just like a human brain. It is used to store data and instruction. Computer memory is use to Stores information being processed by the CPU
Control Unit
Control unit help to perform operations of input unit, output unit, Memory unit and ALU in a sequence.
Memory
Computer memory is any physical device capable of storing information temporarily or permanently. For example, Random Access Memory RAM is a type of volatile memory that is stores information on an integrated circuit, and that is used by the operating system, software, hardware, or the user.
Computer memory divide into two parts
1.Volatile memory
Volatile memory is a temporary memory that loses its contents when the computer or hardware device loses power.eg. RAM
2.Non-volatile memory
Non-volatile memory keeps its contents even if the power is lost. Example: ROM or EPROM is a good example of a non-volatile memory
Input Devices
A device that can be used to insert data into a computer system is called as input device. It allows people to supply information to computers. An input device is any hardware device that sends data to the computer, without any input devices, a computer would only be a display device and not allow users to interact with it, much like a TV.The most fundamental pieces of information are keystrokes on a keyboard and clicks with a mouse. These two input devices are essential for you to interact with your computer. Input devices represent one type of computer peripheral.
Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners, digital cameras and joysticks.
Output Devices
A device which is used to display result from a computer is called as output device. It Allows people to receive information from computers. An output device is any peripheral that receives or displays output from a computer. The picture shows an inkjet printer, an output device that can make a hard copy of anything being displayed on a monitor. Output device is electronic equipment connected to a computer and used to transfer data out of the computer in the form of text, images, sounds or print.
Examples of output devices include Printer, Scanner, Monitor, etc.
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