briefly explain the following
(A) INTEGRAL VIEW
(B) TIME -MOTION STUDY
(C) HIERARCHY
(D) 'X' THEORY
Answers
Explanation:
(a) The integral view considers that every activity manual, clerical and managerial performed in an organisation to accomplish its goal is administrative activities.
(b) In this technique Taylor emphasised on setting a standard time limit for completing any particular job. With the help of time measuring tools, considerable readings were taken for the time taken to complete a task. On the basis of this a standard time limit is set for each task.
(c) a group that controls an organization and is divided into different levels. : a system in which people or things are placed in a series of levels with different importance or status.
(d) Theory X and Theory Y were first explained by McGregor in his book, "The Human Side of Enterprise," and they refer to two styles of management – authoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). ... Managers who use this approach trust their people to take ownership of their work and do it effectively by themselves.