Briefly explain the following
(i) Rooftop rainwater harvesting
(ii) Kuls
(iii) Johads and Khadins
Answers
Answer:
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1) Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting is the technique through which rain water is captured from the roof catchments and stored in reservoirs. Harvested rain water can be stored in sub-surface ground water reservoir by adopting artificial recharge techniques to meet the household needs through storage in tanks.
The common components of a rainwater harvesting system involved in these stages are illustrated here.
Catchments: The catchment of a water harvesting system is the surface which directly receives the rainfall and provides water to the system.
2) As a way of harvesting water in hilly and mountainous regions, mostly in the regions of western Himalayas, diversion channels are built by the people for irrigational purposes called Guls and Kuls. It is a traditional harvesting system of Himachal Pradesh where water is released when requiredKuls are water channels found in precipitous mountain areas. .These are small wells or ponds in which water is collected by making a stone wall across a stream.
Farmers have developed a specific irrigation system using kuls (diversion channels) to carry water from glaciers to the villages. Set up and operation The kuls often span long distances, running down precipitous mountain slopes and across crags and crevices. Some kuls are 10 km long, and have existed for centuries.
3) A johad is a rainwater storage tank principally used in the state of Harayana and Rajasthan, India, that collects and stores water throughout the year, to be used for the purpose of drinking by humans and cattle. .lJohads are called as "khadins" in Jaisalmer.A johad (Hindi: जोहड), also known as a pokhar or a percolation pond, is a community-owned traditional harvested rainwater storage wetland principally used for effectively harnessing water resources in the states of Haryana, Rajasthan, Punjab, and western Uttar Pradesh of North India, that collects and stores waterThe khadin system is based on the principle of harvesting rainwater on farmland and subsequent use of this water-saturated land for crop production. Its main feature is a very long (100-300 m) earthen embankment built across the lower hill slopes lying below gravelly uplands.