Briefly write 5 characteristics of a group in the periodic table
Answers
Answer:
Characteristics of a Group:
(i) Valency:
In a group all the elements have the same valency. For example, group I elements: Li, Na, K etc., all have a valency of +1. Elements of group 17: CI, Br, I etc., all have valency of -1.
(ii) Size of atoms:
Atomic radii or the size of atoms of the element increase on going down a group this is due to the addition of new electronic shells.
(iii) Metallic character:
On descending a group the metallic character increases. For example, groups 14 and 15 begin with carbon and nitrogen which are non-metals.
These groups end with lead and bismuth respectively which are metals. The oxides of the elements also become increasingly basic.
(iv) Melting and boiling points:
The melting and boiling points of metals decrease on going down in a group for example, the alkali metals of group 1 decrease gradually on going down the group. Li (m. pt. 180.5°C, b. pt. 1347°C), K (m. pt. 63.4°C, b. pt. 774°C).
The melting points and boiling points of non-metals increase on going down in a group. For example, the melting points of the group 17 increase gradually on going down in the group. F (m. pt. -219.6°C), I2 (m. pt. 113.6°C)
(v) Ionisation energy:
Ionisation energy decreases on moving down a group with the increase in atomic number. This is because the size of the atom increases and the valency electrons are farther removed from the attractive effect of the nucleus.
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