Question

Brifely explain salient sandal disease​

Answer 1

Question

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Brifely explain salient sandal disease

Answer

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Sandalwood (Santalum album. L), a semi-root parasitic tree is the source of the East Indian sandalwood and oil. Spike disease caused by phytoplasma is the major disease of sandalwood.

Sandal spike phytoplasma

Common names

Spike disease

Causal agents

Phytoplasma

Hosts

Sandal (Santalum album)

Vectors

Leaf hopper: Jassus indicus

Distribution

India

The disease is noticed in all major sandal-growing states of India. Spike disease is characterized by extreme reduction in leaf size accompanied by stiffening and reduction of internode length. In advanced stage, the entire shoot gives the appearance of a spike inflorescence. Spiked trees die within 1–2 years after the appearance of visible symptoms. The pathogen, sandal spike phytoplasma, was first detected by electron microscopy in 1969. Phytoplasmas are pleomorphic and fragile organisms occupying relatively small areas within the sieve tubes (phloem) of the host plants. The major obstacle limiting research on phytoplasma disease is that the organism has not so far been isolated and cultivated in vitro.

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