British rule in India extended over two centuries. The decline of the once powerful Mughals created a near anarchy in most parts of the country with over five hundred, small principalities constantly in conflict among themselves. This made it easier for the so called trading company (East India Company.) to gain influence-both economically and militarily. Soon political aspirations grew, and riding the wave of colonialism that swept the world in the 16th to 18th century, the British colonized India. Aus-1 India, not inaptly, was called the jewel in the British crown because the subcontinent was a precious source of raw materials for the Island nation whose land area was a mere fraction of the huge territories it had subdued. India was also a vast market for goods that were made in British factories. This double bonanza of cheap raw material and a ready, captive market filled British coffers while draining India of its riches. Of course, there was also some gain for India in the form of spread of English education, opening of schools, better medical care and good administration. Had it not been for the British influence we wouldn't be the world's largest English-speaking intellectual pool that we are today. A. Answer the questions below on the basis of your reading of the passage. 1. Why did the British find it relatively easy to colonize India? 2. Why was India referred to as the jewel in the British crown? 3. What did India gain from two centuries of British rule? 4. Give a suitable title to the passage. B. Fill in the blanks. 1. India was divided into hundreds of in the eighteenth century. 2. British factories sourced from India. 3. The British did not want to set up in India.
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A: 1) British policy in Asia during the 19th century was chiefly concerned with expanding and protecting its hold on India, viewed as its most important colony and the key to the rest of Asia.
2) India was considered the 'Jewel in the Crown' for the British Empire due to India's resources and location. They traded Indian pepper, cotton, Chinese silk, porcelain, fine spices, tea, and coffee. ... During the Industrial Revolution, Britain needed raw materials and new markets, which India had.
3) By the middle of the century, the British had already gained direct or indirect control over almost all of India. ... In 1947, India gained its independence and was partitioned into the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan, the latter of which was created as a homeland for colonial India's Muslims.
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