Question

by whom and on whose advice can the Lok Sabha be dissolved

Answer 1

lok sabha can be dissolved when the leader of the majority (the ruling party) dissolves the Lok Sabha. While in this situation, the prerogative and timing is that of the leader of the majority, he has to dissolve the Lok Sabha if his five-year term is up.

Second, when the leader of the majority -- also known as the Treasury benches -- loses his majority in the Lok Sabha. Then, the prerogative passes to the President, who can ask another leader to prove his majority in the Lok Sabha or dissolve the Lok Sabha, and call for elections.