Question

by whom and why did swaraj party was formed

Answer 1

There were some congress leaders who argued or advocated the idea of fighting the british from within the legislative councils. They wanted to pressurise the government for various reforms through councils. They also wanted to demonstrate  that these councils were not truely democratic. Keeping in mind these objectives, C.R. Das and motilal nehru formed the swaraj party in 1922...

Hope it helps..

Answer 2

The Swaraj Party was formed on 9 January 1923 by Indian politicians and members of the Indian National Congress who had opposed Mahatma 's suspension of all civil resistance on 5 February 1922 in response to the Chauri Chaura tragedy, where policemen were killed by a mob of protestors.