C. Answer the following questions.
1. Name all the gases present in the air.
2. Define Humidity.
3. Explain how water vapour are formed in the air.
4. Write three uses of air. 6
5. Name different layers of atmosphere.
6. Describe briefly about the composition of air and its constituent gases?
7. With the help of diagram, explain the process of distillation of water?
Answers
Answer:
1. Nitrogen and oxygen are by far the most common; dry air is composed of about 78% nitrogen (N2) and about 21% oxygen (O2). Argon, carbon dioxide (CO2), and many other gases are also present in much lower amounts; each makes up less than 1% of the atmosphere's mixture of gases. The atmosphere also includes water vapor.
2. Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present. Humidity depends on temperature and the pressure of the system of interest.
3. Water vapor can be produced from the evaporation or boiling of liquid water or from the sublimation of ice. Water vapor is transparent, like most constituents of the atmosphere. Under typical atmospheric conditions, water vapor is continuously generated by evaporation and removed by condensation.
4. Important Uses of Air
Sustain life and growth.
Combustion.
Maintaining Temperature.
Supplier of Energy.
Photosynthesis.
5. The atmosphere is comprised of layers based on temperature. These layers are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere. A further region at about 500 km above the Earth's surface is called the exosphere.
6. By volume, dry air contains 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. Air also contains a variable amount of water vapor, on average around 1% at sea level, and 0.4% over the entire atmosphere.
7. Fractional distillation is a process by which individual components can be separated using heat from a given mixture. The boiling points of each component in the mixture determine the order of separation. Common uses of fractional distillation include the production of distilled water, and gasoline from crude oil.
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Explanation:
Ans 1) Nitrogen and oxygen are by far the most common; dry air is composed of about 78% nitrogen (N2) and about 21% oxygen (O2). Argon, carbon dioxide (CO2), and many other gases are also present in much lower amounts; each makes up less than 1% of the atmosphere's mixture of gases. The atmosphere also includes water vapor.
Ans 2) Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present. Humidity depends on temperature and the pressure of the system of interest.
Ans 3) Water vapor can be produced from the evaporation or boiling of liquid water or from the sublimation of ice. Water vapor is transparent, like most constituents of the atmosphere. Under typical atmospheric conditions, water vapor is continuously generated by evaporation and removed by condensation.
Ans 4) Sustain life and growth, Combustion, Maintaining Temperature.
Ans 5) Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere and Exosphere.
Ans 6) The Composition of Air: Air is made up of 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and other gases in meager amounts. Water vapor is also a constituent of air in varying amounts along with dust particles. The molar mass of dry air or air with no/low quantity of water vapor in it is 28.97g/mol.
Ans 7) Refer to the picture attached.
Distillation relies on evaporation to purify water. Contaminated water is heated to form steam. Inorganic compounds and large non-volatile organic molecules do not evaporate with the water and are left behind. The steam then cools and condenses to form purified water.
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