(c) Chromatography (d) Filtration
4. A special technique used nowadays for separation and identification of the constituents in a mixture
is chromatography.
The principle is based on difference in adsorption of constituents of a mixture by a surface of an
appropriate adsorbent material or solid medium (stationary) phase. The rate of adsorption of a
particular constituent depends upon its solubility in the solvent.
Following diagram shows a chromatograph obtained for black ink :
Black ink
Solvent
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Black ink Red Dye Sive De Orange Dye Green Dye
Start Lime
is a pure substance
is a combination of four different dyes
contains orange and blue dyes
contains red, blue and green dyes.
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The factors effective on this separation process include molecular characteristics related to adsorption (liquid-solid), partition (liquid-solid), and affinity or differences among their molecular weights
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