Question

c) Determine the number of neutrons in an atom of the
'Z' element which is mentioned on the above stem. (3)

d) Are the elements X and Y able to formed compound
which is mentioned the above stem? Analyse with logic. (4)​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Explanation:

Q. What is isotope?

Isotopes can be defined as the variants of chemical elements that possess the same number of protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons. In other words, isotopes are variants of elements that differ in their nucleon numbers due to a difference in the total number of neutrons in their respective nuclei.  

For example, carbon-14, carbon-13, and carbon-12 are all isotopes of carbon. Carbon-14 contains a total of 8 neutrons, carbon-13 contains a total of 7 neutrons, and carbon-12 contains a total of 6 neutrons.

Q. What do you mean by atomic number?

The atomic number is simply the number of protons in an atom. For this reason, it's sometimes called the proton number. In calculations, it is denoted by the capital letter Z. The atomic number uniquely identifies a chemical element. It is identical to the charge number of the nucleus.

The main reason the atomic number is important is because it's how we identify the elements of an atom. Another big reason it matters is the atomic number is a key factor in determining the properties of an element.

Q. Determine the number of neutrons in an atom of the ‘Z’ element which is mentioned on the above stem.  

The ‘Z’ element mentioned in the above stem is ‘C’ (carbon). Determining the number of neutrons present in an atom of Carbon –

Given,

Atomic number/proton number of neutrons, Z=6

And mass number, A=14

So, Neutron number   = Mass number – Proton number  

                      = 14-6

                      = 8

Thus, the number of neutrons present in an atom of carbon is 8.

Q. Are the elements X and Y able to form compounds which are mentioned in the above stem? Analyze with logic.

The X element mentioned in the above stem is Chlorine (Cl) and the Y element is Sodium (Na).

It is possible to form a compound between the two elements.  

The elements Sodium and Chlorine form two ionic compounds. An ionic compound is a compound formed by ions bonding together through electrostatic forces. For example, is silver iodide, Agl.

We know, the electron number of Sodium is 11 (electronic configuration = 2,8,1) and the electron number of Chlorine is 17 (electronic configuration = 2,8,7).

Sodium and chlorine, as neutral atoms, are not stable. Sodium contains one valence electron, and chlorine has seven. The octet rule states that atoms want to have an outer energy shell like that of the noble gases, which means that they need eight valence electrons. These eight electrons in the outermost energy level represent stability. Neither sodium nor chlorine has this noble gas structure, so they tend to lose or gain electrons to attain a more stable state. Sodium loses its single valence electron to chlorine and becomes a cation, a positively charged atom. Chlorine gains an electron and becomes an anion, a negatively charged atom. These two ions with opposite charges come together to form an ionic bond.

From the above discussion, we can say that it is possible to form ionic compounds between the atoms of the elements X and Y. The combination of sodium and chlorine makes sodium chloride (NaCl). This is also called table salt.