C) Essay writing
Noise Pollution
Meaning ------- causes of noise pollution --------how to control the noise pollution
conclusion
Answers
Answer:
Essay on Noise Pollution: Sources, Effects, Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution!
The word ‘Noise’ is derived from the Latin word ‘nausea’ which means feeling of sickness at the stomach with an urge to vomit. The term noise may be defined in a number of
For example:
(i) In acoustic, noise is defined as unwanted, unpleasant and annoying sound.
(ii) Noise is defined as unwanted, unpleasant, disagreeable sound that causes discomfort.
(iii) Noise is defined as the wrong sound, in the wrong place at the wrong time.
(iv) Noise is the sound incidental to our civilization and is without agreeable musical quality
1. Sources of Noise Pollution:
Noise may originate either from natural sources or from anthropogenic activities. The natural sources of noise include thunder, cyclone, roaring of sea, etc. The manmade noise are mechanized automobiles, industries, trains, aero planes, social functions etc. It may be noted that the manmade noise is now doubling after every decade.
Broadly speaking, the noise may be classified into:
(1) Transport noise;
(2) Industrial noise; and
(3) Neighborhood noise.
1.
2. Effects of Noise Pollution:
Noise is air-borne mechanical energy striking the human eardrum. A sound of 65dB is the noise level for conversation heart at a distance of one meter.
(1) Auditory effects; and
(2) Non-auditory effects.
1. Auditory effects:
The impairing of hearing which may cause immediate auditory fatigue finally leading to deafness is known as auditory effects.
2. Non-auditory effects:
These effects include interference with speech communication, annoyance leading to ill-temper, bickering, mental disorientation, violent behavior and a series of health hazards.
In addition to serious loss of hearing, noise also causes pathological (or psychological), non-pathological (or physiological) and vibrational disorders.
(a) Pathological disorder:
(i) Exposure to high frequencies or ultrasonic sound above the audible range damages inner ear and induces nausea and dizziness in man.
(ii) Exposure to mid-audible frequency affects brain and nervous system having significant impact on thinking and coordination of limbs.
Some of the important effects of noise pollution are outlined as given below:
1. It causes contraction of blood vessels, makes the skin pale leads to excessive secretion of adrenaline hormone into blood thereby inducing high blood pressure.
2. It may cause damage to heart, brain, kidney and liver.
3. It induces contraction of muscles which ultimately leads to nervous breakdown, tension and even insanity.
4. It induces anxiety, stress and fright which in turn causes increased heart beat, constriction of blood vessels, dilation of pupil of eye etc. by modulating the hormone content in blood.
The detrimental effects of noise with different intensity on human beings are shown in Table .
Maximum Permissible Noise Levels at Different Areas
3. Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution:
Noise produced from different sources has created a catastrophe to the entire living world specially to man. Hence, necessary steps should be taken to minimise the level of noise thereby protecting the living world from its detrimental effects.
Few methods of minimising noise pollution are discussed below:
(1) Industrial noise pollution control:
The level of noise pollution due to industries can be lowered down by adopting the following techniques:
(a) Use of improved technique:
The noise at source can be reduced by replacing noise producing machines with suitable improved technique. For example, the noise from exhaust fans can be decreased either by increasing the number of blades or by decreasing the rotational speed.
(b) Sound proofing:
An insulating material may be applied on the noise producing machinery and equipment’s which causes sound proofing.
(c) Transmission control:
The level of noise can be minimised by covering the walls of the room by sound absorber (e.g. acoustic tiles), introducing gaskets around the doors and windows, sealing all the outlets and putting carpet, drapery and acoustic materials inside the room.
(d) Creation of green vegetation cover:
Plants and trees should be planted along highways, streets and industrial areas because the vegetation covers absorb and dissipate sound energy and acts as a buffer zone.
2. Community noise control:
The community noise control includes minimization of noise from air traffic, transport
Answer:
Atmospheric pollution is not the only type of contamination that is harming living beings on the planet. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is one of the most dangerous environmental threats to health. And according to the European Environment Agency (EEA), noise is responsible for 16,600 premature deaths and more than 72,000 hospitalisations every year in Europe alone.
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Noise pollution.
According to the WHO, noise is harmful when it exceeds 75 decibels (dB) and feels painful at levels above 120 dB.
undefine_dNoise pollution.
Drivers honking the horn, groups of workers drilling the road surface, aircraft flying over us in the sky... Noise, noise and more noise. Cities have become the epicentre of a type of pollution, acoustics, which, although its invisibility and the fact that coronavirus crisis reduced it until almost yearn it, is severely damaging to human beings. So much so that the European Environment Agency estimates that noise is responsible for 72,000 hospital admissions and 16,600 premature deaths every year in Europe alone.
Not only does it hurt humans, it is bad for animals, too. According to the National Park Service (NPS) in the United States, noise pollution has an enormous environmental impact and does serious damage to wildlife. Experts say noise pollution can interfere with breeding cycles and rearing and is even hastening the extinction of some species.
WHAT IS NOISE POLLUTION?
Not all sound is considered noise pollution. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines noise above 65 decibels (dB) as noise pollution. To be precise, noise becomes harmful when it exceeds 75 decibels (dB) and is painful above 120 dB. As a consequence, it is recommended noise levels be kept below 65 dB during the day and indicates that restful sleep is impossible with nighttime ambient noise levels in excess of 30 dB.
CAUSES OF NOISE POLLUTION
There are many sources of noise pollution, but here are some of the main ones:
Traffic noise
Traffic noise accounts for most polluting noise in cities. For example, a car horn produces 90 dB and a bus produces 100 dB.
Air traffic noise
There are fewer aircraft flying over cities than there are cars on the roads, but the impact is greater: a single aircraft produces 130 dB.
Construction sites
Building and car park construction and road and pavement resurfacing works are very noisy. For example, a pneumatic drill produces 110 dB.
Catering and night life
Bars, restaurants and terraces that spill outside when the weather is good can produce more than 100 dB. This includes noise from pubs and clubs.
Animals
Noise made by animals can go unnoticed, but a howling or barking dog, for example, can produce around 60-80 dB.
The worlds noisiest cities.The world's noisiest cities.
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SEE INFOGRAPHIC: The world's noisiest cities [PDF]External link, opens in new window.
EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION
As well as damaging our hearing by causing — tinnitus or deafness —, constant loud noise can damage human health in many ways, particularly in the very young and the very old. Here are some of the main ones:
Physical
Respiratory agitation, racing pulse, high blood pressure, headaches and, in case of extremely loud, constant noise, gastritis, colitis and even heart attacks.
Psychological
Noise can cause attacks of stress, fatigue, depression, anxiety and hysteria in both humans and animals.
Sleep and behavioural disorders
Noise above 45 dB stops you from falling asleep or sleeping properly. Remember that according to the World Health Organization it should be no more than 30 dB. Loud noise can have latent effects on our behaviour, causing aggressive behaviour and irritability.
Memory and concentration
Noise may affect people's ability to focus, which can lead to low performance over time. It is also bad for the memory, making it hard to study.
Interestingly, our ears need more than 16 hours' rest to make up for two hours of exposure to 100 dB.
SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE NOISE POLLUTION
International bodies like the WHO agree that awareness of noise pollution is essential to beat this invisible enemy. For example: avoid very noisy leisure activities, opt for alternatives means of transport such as bicycles or electric vehicles over taking the car, do your housework at recommended times, insulate homes with noise-absorbing materials, etc. Educating the younger generation is also an essential aspect of environmental education.
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