C. Give short answers for the following questions.
1. Why were early humans always on the move?
2. What are sites? Write the names of two Mesolithic and two
Neolithic sites,
3. Why did early humans use flint to make tools?
4. Why did early humans paint on cave walls?
D. Give long answers for the following questions.
1. Write any one technique of tool making.
2. How was fire useful to the early humans?
3. Write a short note on the paintings discovered at Bhimbetka.
Answers
Answer:
C.1. The early humans were always on the move because they had no means to grow food and needed to search food, water and shelter. They were nomads and had to hunt wild animals and gather fruits, nuts and seeds in order to survive.
2. sites are places consisting of significant evidences of any past events or activities.
The mesolithic sites Chopani Mando and Damdama in Uttar Pradesh.
The Neolithic sites are Burzahom site in Kashmir and Khasi and Garo in Assam.
3. Early humans used flint to make tools because of the following reasons:
a. The flint stones chip easily.
b. It can be moulded into any desired shape.
c. It is a durable material that does not wear away
Hammers, choppers and axe-heads were made out of flints.
4.Early humans painted on cave walls because of the following reasons:
a. To reflect the surrounding and events of their lives through their paintings
b. Was a recreational activity
c. To express their feelings and thoughts
d. For ceremonial occasions
The most common paintings were of wild animals, such as bisons, horses, deers, etc. Hand-painted abstracts were also found in the caves.
D.1.One of the techniques of tool making of the early humans was stone on stone.
In this method, the stone that was moulded into a tool was held in one hand. Another stone was held in the other hand. The second stone was rubbed or stroked against the first. This was continued till the first stone acquired the desired shape. In this way a tool was made. This could be used as a weapon or for other purposes.
Examples of tools were hammers, axe-heads and scrapers.
2.Fire was first discovered by early humans. The method has not been found out. It can be assumed that it happened when two flint stones were rubbed against each other accidentally. Fire was useful to the early humans in the following ways:
a. Fire provided heat and warmth.
b. It was used as a source of light.
c. The early humans kept a fire lighted at the entrance of their caves in order to scare away wild animals.
d. Fire was used to cook food.
Thus, the discovery of fire revolutionised the way of life of ancient people.
3.The cave paintings at Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh have been an important source of information about the prehistoric era. These caves are named after 'Bhima", one of the five Pandavas of Mahabharata. Various community activities such as birth, burial, dancing, hunting, playing and cooking food have been depicted in the paintings. Wild animals like buffalo, tigers, bisons have been found in the paintings. White pigments, natural red, green and yellow are the common colours of the paintings. The colours were made using powdered rock, along with water and other sticky substances, such as resins from the trees.
Explanation:
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