C Give short answers for the following questions.
Why do we need to study the past?
2. How have the Himalayas helped in shaping the history of India?
3. How is the work of an archaeologist and a historian similar to that of a detective?
D. Give long answers for the following questions.
1. Why did people first settle near river valleys?
2 What are inscriptions? How do they help us know about ancient India?
3. How are coins a valuable source of information about ancient India?
4. Write a short note on secular literature.
famous Indian
archaeologist.
He discovered the
Harappan site of
Lothal. He also
excavated the
famous dockyard
there.
5. Pottery is one of the most common finds on an excavation site. Why?
6. Why do you think rulers in ancient times recorded their victories on hard surfaces like rocks and pillars?
Enrichment
ctiviti
Answers
Answer:
C1. There are several reasons why it is important to study the past. One reason is that many events repeat themselves in some ways. ... The past should serve as a personal guide to the future. If a person learns from the mistakes of others, they can hopefully prevent making those same mistakes in their life.
C2. The Himalayas in the north acted as a natural barrier between India and central Asia. These mountains had passes that went through between these mountains .People from all over the world came to India through these passes and have made our culture richer.
C3. The work of archaeologists and historians are similar to detectives because like detectives, they try to put together archaeological clues and written records to piece together the past. Just like detectives investigate and collect evidence, archaeologists and historians find archaeological clues such as broken pots from earlier time periods, written records and manuscripts to know about the past. They use two types of clues that are the sources of history; archaeological and literary.
D1. Geography has always been the determining factor of development in a particular place. Favourable environments with plenty of resources are populated. Therefore, river valleys were preferred by people for the following reasons:
i) Sufficient water for all their needs are provided by river water.
ii) Crops could be grown easily as the land near the river was very fertile. This was their source of food, which helped in their survival.
iii) The river served as a means of transport.
D2. The written records on the walls of caves, metal pillars, rocks, stones, copper, stone and clay tablets, walls of temples are known as inscriptions.
The inscriptions on the monuments, metal pillars, rocks, copper and clay tablets have been a source of information about the victories and achievements of the rulers of the ancient empires. The way of life, events and culture of the empires are depicted through inscriptions. They are relevant sources of information about battles and deeds of emperors and their achievements. They also highlight the influence and historical legacy of a king or an emperor. This helps us to know about the past, form an idea and gain knowledge about the history.
D3. Coins are an extremely valuable source of information. They tell us about the reigning periods of kings, the economy of the kingdom the extent of king's the empire and about trade with other region coins also throw light on the art and religion or earlier times. The study of coins are called numismatics.
D4. Literary sources are of two kinds: Religious literature and secular literature. Secular literature are writings that are not religious. These include poems, plays, stories, biographies of kings, accounts of foreign travels and books on science and politics.
Examples of secular literature are Arthashastra by Kautilya, the Indika by Megasthenes, poems and plays by Kalidasa, accounts of Fa Hien and Hieun Tsang and Sangam literature.
D5. The beginning of pottery was in the Indus Valley civilisation. It was one of the most found artefacts on the excavation sites. This is because of the following reasons:
1. The crops cultivated by people needed to be kept for later use. Pottery was extensively made to store the grains. The consumption spread over a longer period of time due to pottery.
2. These were made for other applications such as to contain water, oil and fats of animals.
3. Pottery was also used as utensils for cooking and eating.
D6. The rulers in ancient times recorded their victories on hard surfaces like copper and stone plates. This is because of the following reasons:
1. The inscriptions on the stone and copper plates are clear, legible and do not wear away easily.
2. The victories and achievements of the rulers could be read by the people. This would make them aware of the ruler's authority and power.
3. The records last for a longer time and people of the future periods come to know about the history. This makes the rulers and their achievements everlasting and creates a legacy.
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