(c) ................. is the process of finding out an approximate
answer.
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In mathematics, making an approximation is the act or process of finding a number acceptably close to an exact value; that number is then called an approximation or approximate value. Approximating has always been an important process in the experimental sciences and engineering, in part because it is impossible to make perfectly accurate measurements. Approximation also arises because some numbers can never be expressed completely in decimal notation. In these cases approximations are used. For example, irrational numbers, such as pi (π), are nonterminating, nonrepeating decimals. Every irrational number can be approximated by a rational number, simply by truncating it. Thus, π can be approximated by 3.14, or 3.1416, or 3.141593, and so on, until the desired accuracy is obtained.