Question

c. Proteins. d. Cellular respiration
e. Aerobic respiration.
f. Glycolysis.​

Answer 1

❥Proteins: Large molecules composed of one or more chains of amino acids in a specific order determined by the base sequence of nucleotides in the DNA coding for the protein.

Proteins are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's cells, tissues, and organs. Each protein has unique functions. Proteins are essential components of muscles, skin, bones, and the body as a whole.

Examples of proteins include whole classes of important molecules, among them enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.

Proteins are one of the three types of nutrients used as energy sources by the body, the other two being carbohydrates and fat. Proteins and carbohydrates each provide 4 calories of energy per gram, while fats produce 9 calories per gram.

❥Cellular respiration:-Cellular respiration is a process in which respiratory substrates such as starch, glucose, fats and proteins are broken down to release energy. This energy is then trapped for the synthesis of ATP to release CO₂.

❥Aerobic respiration:- Cellular respiration occurs by two processes i.e. aerobic and anaerobic respiration. The process by which the breakdown of carbohydrates occurs in the presence of oxygen resulting in the release of energy in the form of ATP is called aerobic respiration.

❥Glycolysis:- Glycolysis is the first step in respiration. In this step, six-carbon glucose is broken down into a three carbon molecule called pyruvate. This does not require oxygen. One glucose molecule produces 2 pyruvate molecules.

Answer 2

Answer:

a. Nutrition:

• Food is needed by all living organisms for growth and repair.
• Variety of substances are taken as food from single cellular organisms like Amoeba to the complex multicellular organisms like the human body.
• The method of taking food by organism is called nutrition.

b. Nutrients:

• A nutrient is a substance which is used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduction.
• Living organisms obtained nutrients from the food.
• Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, etc., are the nutrients obtained from food.

c. Proteins:

• Proteins are the large complex molecules formed by bonding together many amino acids by peptide bonds.
• Examples, hair, nail muscles are proteins.

d. Cellular respiration:

• Cellular respiration is the process by which cells get their energy in the form of ATP from oxidation of food.
• Cellular respiration takes place in presence or in absence of oxygen.

e. Aerobic respiration:

• It is the process of producing cellular energy by the oxidation of food such as glucose in the presence of oxygen.
• It is a multistep process that produces 38 ATP.

f. Glycolysis:

• Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration.
• It takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell.
• In this process 1 molecule of glucose is converted into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid or pyruvate.