Question

C. Short answer questions
1. What are vacuoles?
2. What do you mean by the term nucleoplasm?
3. What are ribosomes?
4. How many types of plastids are present in a plant cell? Name them.
5. What is the function of chloroplast? 6. What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum?
7. Why are mitochondria known as power house of the cell?
8. Observe the following diagram. Answer the following questions.
(a) Does it represent a plant cell or an animal cell?
(b) Does it represent a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryotic cell? Contenirao bola [NCERT Exemplar]​

Answer 1

Answer:

1. vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal, and bacterial cells.
2. Chromatin consists of DNA wrapped around histone proteins and is stored within the nucleoplasm. Ribosomes are large complexes of protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA) responsible for protein synthesis when DNA from the nucleus is transcribed.
3. Types of Plastids
4. Chloroplasts.
5. Chromoplasts.
6. Gerontoplasts.
7. Leucoplasts.
8. Chloroplasts are plant cell organelles that convert light energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the photosynthetic process. By doing so, they sustain life on Earth. Chloroplasts also provide diverse metabolic activities for plant cells, including the synthesis of fatty acids, membrane lipids,
9. The endoplasmic reticulum can either be smooth or rough, and in general its function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins.
10. Mitochondria are tiny organelles inside cells that are involved in releasing energy from food. This process is known as cellular respiration. It is for this reason that mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell.

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