C. Short Answer Type Questions.
1. What do the Upanishads contain?
2. Who were called Jains?
3. In which language did Mahavira preach his principles of life?
4. What were the names of the two sects of Jainism?
5. Why were the Sanghas formed?
6. Under whose reign was the fourth Buddhist Council held? And in which place?
Answers
Answer:
The Upanishads contain four sentences, the Mahāvākyas (Great Sayings), which were used by Shankara to establish the identity of Atman and Brahman as scriptural truth: "Prajñānam brahma" - "Consciousness is Brahman" (Aitareya Upanishad) "Aham brahmāsmi" - "I am Brahman" (Brihadaranyaka Upanishad)
Explanation:
Mahavira
Also many of the early Jain Literatures are found to be scripted in Sanskrit language also the Inscriptions found in many places have Sanskritor Prakrit writings. So according to me Mahavira may have preached in the languages either Sanskrit, Brahmi , Prakrit or Jain prakrit.
Jains are divided into two major sects; the Digambara (meaning sky clad) sect and the Svetambara (meaning white clad) sect. Each of these sects is also divided into subgroups
The sangha originated in the group of disciples who renounced the worldly life to wander with the Buddha and listen to his teachings. After the Buddha's death his disciples continued to live together as a community, wandering from place to place, living off the receipt of alms.
The fourth Buddhist council was held in 72 AD at Kundalvana, Kashmir. It was presided by Vasumitra, while Asvaghosa was his deputy. The council was held under the patronage of Kushan King Kanishka of Kushan Empire.