Question

(c) What is the inter-relationship between adaptations of organisms and their surroundings?​

Answer 1

Answer:

Ecology is the study of the interaction of organisms in an area with the surrounding environment. This interaction constitutes an overall adaptation of the organisms to their environment which also includes the continuity of species.

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Answer 2

Answer:

• It is called Natural Selection
• So evolution comes up with new Mutations which could appear as changes in Anatomy, Morphology and/or Physiology, or something as simple as difference in size, etc.
• Essentially the genetic tweaking is done by evolution and mutations occur because of imperfections in the gene copying process which in turn could be due to a host of other external or internal factors.
• Natural Selection acts to preserve only species with beneficial mutations and eliminate those with none beneficial mutations.
• Therefore if a species aquries a new feature that reduces its fitness below the fitness limit required for survival in that environment, natural selection prevents the propagation of this defective gene. Natural selection acts to preserve species who's fitness limit are above the environmental requirements
• When Evolution and Natural Selection work together, it creates the scenario where every species that evolve in an environment are adapted to living there and in fact every species fills an evolutionary niche in the environment’s complex survival web.