Question

c) What was the effect of the split between the two wings of the Congress on the national movement​

Answer 1

Explanation:

The Indian National Congress(INC) which was established in 1885 by A.O Hume was divided into two groups(in the year 1907) mainly by extremists and moderates at the Surat Session of the Congress.The period 1885-1905 was known as the period of the moderates as moderates dominated the Indian National Congress. These Moderates used petition, prayers, meetings, leaflets and pamphlets memorandum and delegations to present their demands in front of the British government. Moderates were not able to achieve notable goals other than the expansion of the legislative council by the Indian Council Act of 1892. This created dis-satisfaction among the people. In 1907 the INC meeting was to be held in Nagpur and the extremists wanted Lala Lajpat Rai or Bal Gangadhar Tilak as president. But moderates wanted Rash Bihari Ghosh to be president. Gopal Krishna Gokhale changed the meeting place from Nagpur to Surat fearing that if Nagpur was to be held as meeting place then Bal Gangadhar Tilak would become President. The partition of Bengal became the rise of extremism in INC.

Surat was in Bombay Presidency/Province, where Bal Gangadhar Tilak was from, and Nagpur was a different province. Nagpur Province was the province of British India that covered parts of the present-day states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Chhattisgarh, with Nagpur city being the capital. So, as Surat was the home province of Bal Gangadhar Tilak he could not preside over the meeting. Hence it was decided that Ras Bihari Ghosh would be president. Extremists protested in the INC meeting as Bal Gangadhar Tilak was not given permission even to speak by pandit Madan mohan Malviya extremists then reacted by throwing eggs, footwear etc and wanted the meeting to be cancelled. Moderates then held a secret meeting and decided to expel extremists from the Indian National Congress(INC).