Question

Calculate ic/io ratio when temperature and voltage are given

Answer 1

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The Thermistor is a solid state temperature sensing device that acts a bit like an electrical resistor but is temperature sensitive. Thermistors can be used to produce an analogue output voltage with variations in ambient temperature and as such can be referred to as a transducer. This is because it creates a change in its electrical properties due to a physical change in heat.

A thermistor is basically a two-terminal solid state thermally sensitive transducer made from sensitive semiconductor based metal oxides with metallised or sintered connecting leads onto a ceramic disc or bead. This allows it to change its resistive value in proportion to small changes in temperature. In other words, as its temperature changes, so too does its resistance and as such its name, “Thermistor” is a combination of the words THERM-ally sensitive res-ISTOR.

While the change in resistance due to heat is generally undesirable in standard resistors, this effect can be put to good use in many temperature detection circuits. Thus being non-linear variable-resistance devices, thermistors are commonly used as temperature sensors having many applications to measure the temperature of both liquids and ambient air.

Also, being a solid state device made from highly sensitive metal oxides, they operate at the molecular level with the outermost (valence) electrons becoming more active and producing a negative temperature coefficient, or less active producing a positive temperature coefficient as the temperature of the thermistor is increased. This means that they can have very good reproducible resistance verses temperature characteristics allowing them to operate up to temperatures of about 200oC.