Question

Calculate the effective nuclear charge on the valence electron of copper

Answer 1

Answer:

Effective nuclear charge Z

eff

=Z−S

where Z = atomic number

and S = screening constant

= 0.35 per electron for electron in nth orbit.

= 0.85 per electron for electrons in (n - 1)th orbit

= 1.00 per electron for electrons in (n - 2)th, (n - 3)th, (n - 4)th orbit

= 0.30 per electron in 1s-orbital (when alone)

This electron is screened by 18 electrons in (n - 1), 8-electrons in (n - 2) and 2-electrons in (n-3)

Thus, σ=

8×0.85

(n−1)s

2

p

6

+

1×10

(n−1)d

10

+

8×1

(n−2)s

2

p

6

+

2×1

(n−3)s

2

=26.8

Thus, Z

∗

=29−26.8=2.2

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