Question

Calculate the formal charge of phosphorus and hydrogen atom in phosphonium ion​

Answer 1

• In chemistry, a formal charge is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, assuming that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally between atoms, regardless of relative electronegativity.

• Phosphonium ion is PH₄+.
• Formal charge can be found by following formula
• Valence electrons- Unbonded electrons- Bonded electrons/2
• Valence electron is an outer shell electron that is associated with an atom.
• Unbonded, non-bonded or lone pair electrons are terms used to describe electrons that surround an atom, but don't play a direct role in bond formation.
• A bonding electron is an electron involved in chemical bonding.

• And formal charge of P is +1 and of Hydrogen is 0.