Question

calculate the formal charge on each atom in carbonate ion.

Answer 1

The charge assigned to an atom in a molecule is formal charge.

Formal charge (FC) is given by the formula,

FC=V-N-B/2

Where,

 V= Number of valence electrons

N= Number of non bonding electrons

B= Total number of electrons shared in covalent bonds.

 

The formal charge of N in NO2 - is

 

FC = 5 - 2 - 6/2

      =0

 

For the LHS oxygen the FC is-

FC = 6 - 6 - 2/2

      = -1

For the RHS oxygen the FC is-

FC = 6 - 4 - 4/2

      =0

The carbonate ion [CO3 2-] has an overall charge of -2. In the carbonate ion, the carbon atom is bonded with a double bond to an oxygen atom, and with single bonds to two oxygen atoms.

 

The formal charge on each of the atoms can be calculated as follows

Formal charge (FC) is given by the formula

FC=V-N-B/2

Where,

 V= Number of valence electrons

N= Number of non bonding electrons

B= Total number of electrons shared in covalent bonds.

 

FC of carbon = 4 - 0 - 1/2 (4) = 0

Formal charge on oxygen bonded with the double bond = 6 - 4 - 1/2 (4) = 0

Formal charge on oxygen atoms bonded with single bond = 6 - 6 - 1/2 (2) = -1

 

Similarly you can calculate the formal charge of Carbonate chloride (COCl2).

Try by yourself!!




hope it will help you.

Answer 2

Given:

Carbonate ion ($\[C{O_3}^{2 - }\]$)

To Find: Formal charge on each atom

Solution:

The formula for calculating formal charge is given as:

$\[FC = V - N - \frac{B}{2}\]$

Where, $V=$ Number of valence electrons in the free state

$N=$ Number of non-bonding valence electrons

$B=$ Number of bonding electrons

Therefore,

For the central carbon atom,

Formal charge $\[ = 4 - 0 - \frac{8}{2}\]$

Formal charge $=0$

For the first single-bonded oxygen atom,

Formal charge $\[ = 6 - 6 - \frac{2}{2}\]$

Formal charge $=-1$

For the second single-bonded oxygen atom,

Formal charge $\[ = 6 - 6 - \frac{2}{2}\]$

Formal charge $=-1$

For the double-bonded oxygen atom,

Formal charge $\[ = 6 - 4 - \frac{4}{2}\]$

Formal charge $=0$

Hence, the formal charge on each atom in carbonate ion is:

$C=0$

First single-bonded $O=-1$

Second single-bonded $O=-1$

Double bonded $O=0$

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