Question

Calculate the vibrational degrees of freedom for linear CO2 and non-linear H2O molecule​

Answer 1

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Answer 2

At sufficiently high temperature the number of DOFs of an N-atom molecule is 3N because each atom can be understood as having three translational DOFs independently of the molecule’s other atoms. At a sufficiently enough temperature, 9 is obtained since N = 3 for CO2.

At lower temperatures some of the degrees of freedom are “frozen out” by quantum mechanics: there is just not enough energy to excite certain DOFs out of their ground state, something a mechanical engineer with no quantum mechanical training could appreciate.

Explanation: