Question

CAN ANYONE EXPLAIN THE ENTIRE CARTESIAN SIGN CONVENTION FOR BOTH CONCAVE AND CONVEX LENS AND MIRROR. ​

Answer 1

According to the new Cartesian sign convention for the refraction of light through the concave and convex lens: All distances are measured from the optical centre of the lens. Distances measured in the direction opposite to the direction of incident light are considered negative.

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Answer 2

Sign convention in the case of concave mirror:

Since, object is always placed in front of the mirror hence the sign of object is taken as negative.

Since, the centre of curvature and focus lie in front of the concave mirror, so signs of radius of curvature and focal length are taken as negative in the case of concave mirror.

When image is formed in front of the mirror, the distance of image is taken as – (negative) and when image is formed behind the mirror, the distance of image is taken as + (positive).

Height of image is taken as positive in the case of erect image and taken as negative in the case of inverted image.

 

Sign convention in the case of a convex mirror:

Since, object is always placed in front of the mirror hence the sign of object is taken as negative.

Since, the centre of curvature and focus lies behind the convex mirror, so sign of radius of curvature and focal length are taken as + (positive) in the case of convex mirror.

In the case of convex mirror, image always formed behind the mirror, thus the distance of image is taken as positive.

In the case of a convex mirror, always an erect image is formed, thus the height of image is taken as positive.