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Climate Class 9
We as a layman often confuse between climate and weather and use these words synonymously, however, these have different meanings. Let’s look at these brief notes on Climate Class 9 to understand the concept in its literal sense.
Weather is the state of atmosphere recorded at any given point of time. It can change every moment and varies throughout the day. Whereas, the Climate of a place is the sum of average weather conditions of 30 years, in short, the climate is a sum total of the weather conditions of a place, assertively a large one for a comparatively longer period of time. It can take millions of years for the climate of a place to change.
The Elements of Climate and Weather are same, which are:
Temperature
Atmospheric Pressure
Wind
Humidity
Precipitation
Note: According to the monthly atmospheric conditions of a place a year is divided into three seasons, namely- Summer, Winter, Rainy.
The Climatic conditions of any place depend on the following common factors:
Latitude
Altitude
Distance from the sea
Pressure and wind systems
Ocean Currents
Relief Features
In particular to a country like India, the factors that are considered to affect the climatic conditions are- Latitude, Altitude, Pressure, and Winds, which means it is influenced by pressure and surface winds, upper air circulation, western cyclonic disturbances and tropical cyclones.
Quick Facts About Indian Climate
The climate of India is described as the “Monsoon” type of climate which is most prevalent in South and South East Asia. This is because the climate of India is influenced by the monsoon winds, which is basically a seasonal reversal in the wind through the year
Tropic of cancer passes through the middle of India from Rann of Kutch to Mizoram. When the sun is directly overhead on the Tropic of cancer which is June 21, it marks the beginning of summer in the Northern hemisphere
Temperature and precipitation are the elements which are taken into consideration to ascertain the varying climatic condition from place to place and season to season.
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IMPORTANT Notes
Introduction Points
•General weather conditions over a period of thirty years period is said to be the climate of a place.
•Temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity and precipitation are elements of weather and climate.
•Generalised monthly atmospheric conditions determine the basis on which the year is divided into the seasons — summer, winter or rainy.
•India has a monsoon type of climate.
•Monsoon is basically a seasonal reversal in the wind through the year.
•There is huge difference in temperature from one region to another.
•Form of precipitation, its amount and distribution also differ from one part of India to another.
•Coastal areas observe lesser difference in temperature conditions. It is the interior of India that experiences temperature contrasts.
•Decrease in rainfall is seen from east to west in the Northern Plains. All this influences diversity in professions, food, dress and houses of people.
Climatic Controls
•The interplay of latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, pressure and wind system, ocean currents and relief features determine climatic conditions of a place.
Factors Affecting India’s Climate
•The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of the country from the Rann of Kuchchh to Mizoram.
•The Himalayas prevent the cold winds from central Asia from entering the subcontinent.
•The climate and associated weather conditions in India are governed by various atmospheric conditions namely pressure and surface winds, upper air circulation, western cyclonic disturbances and tropical cyclones.
•An apparent force caused by the earth’s rotation is the Coriolis Force.
•Jet streams are narrow belts of high-altitude (above 12,000 m) westerly winds in the troposphere.
•The western cyclonic disturbances are weather phenomena of the winter months, brought in by the westerly flow from the Mediterranean region.
The Indian Monsoon
•The climate of India is strongly influenced by monsoon winds.
•The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a broad trough of low pressure in equatorial latitudes where the northeast and the southeast trade winds converge.
•Reversal in the pressure conditions and eastern Pacific Ocean having lower pressure than eastern Indian Ocean is a periodic change in pressure condition known as the southern oscillation.
•El Nino is a warm ocean current that flows past the Peruvian coast in place of the cold Peruvian current, every 2 to 5 years.
I hope these helps you