Question

Can anyone give me rules and regulations for naming a carbon compound . I am stuck in some problems

Answer 1

My answer is long, but be patient and understand each word. By the end of the answer, you'll get a basic idea. After that, learn NCERT and practice. Ask questions if you get stuck :)

Assuming you are in grade 10. Here are the basic rules.

Firstly count the number of carbons in the given chain, and choose the prefix accordingly.

If there is only one carbon- Suffix will be Meth

two carbons- Eth

three carbons- Prop

four carbons- But

five carbons- Pent

six carbons- Hex

seven carbons- Hept

eight carbons- Oct

Now, check if there is single bond between the carbon atoms, or double bond or triple bond then choose the suffix accordingly

For single bond- ane

double bond- ene

triple bond- yne

This is suffiecient for homologous series. For eg

C-C .... is called ethane

C-C-C .... is called propane

C=C... is called ethene

Now what if you also notice the presence of some functional group? Like OH, =O, CHO etc?

For that, you'll have to use other suffixes as well.

You'll have to learn all this.

OH- is for alcohol - and the suffix used is 'ol'

COOH - is for carboxylic, suffix used is 'oic'

=O is for ketone , suffix used is 'one'

CHO- is for aldehyde, suffix used is 'al'

I guess there are more functional groups present in NCERT class 10 science, check them and learn them by heart. My answer was just to give you a basic idea. Best of luck for boards :) Don't stress!