Can anyone give me some methods to identify which substances are monocots or dicots that is without actually seeing the grain. Or can somebody give me a very wide range of examples for monocots and dicots.
Answers
Monocot and dicot plants have specific characteristics. We identify plants by looking at their external characteristics such as seeds, roots, leaves, flowers, pollen, stems and vascular bundles. Based on the differences, they are placed in one of these two groups.
Comparison between Monocot and Dicot Plants
There are some specific characteristics that help us identify the plant as a monocot or a dicot. Let us look at them.
Seeds
Plant embryos in seeds have structures called cotyledons. A cotyledon is the central portion of a seed embryo to which the epicotyl (immature shoot) and radicle (immature root) are attached. The number of cotyledons differs in these two groups of plants and that forms the basis for the main classification of monocots and dicots. A seed of a monocot plant has one cotyledon and that of a dicot plants has two cotyledons. (Note: This is easy to remember when you know mono=one and di=two).
Roots
Roots can develop either from a main radicle that is one large taproot with many small secondary lateral roots growing out of it, or can be a fibrous mass of roots that arise from the nodes in the stem, called adventitious roots. Monocots have adventitious roots, whereas dicots have a radicle from which a root develops.
Leaves
Leaves have more than one characteristic that help differentiate a monocot from a dicot. If the leaf has a stalk, then the plant is a dicot. But, in the case of a monocot plant, the leaf is sessile, which means it is attached directly by its base without a stalk.
The next characteristic that helps in the identification is the venation. If the leaves have parallel venations that are long and thin, then the plant is monocot. If the leaves have a branched venation, then the plant is a dicot.
Flowering Parts
Monocot flowers tend to have a number of petals or other floral parts that is divisible by three, usually three or six. Dicot flowers on the other hand, are likely to have parts in multiples of four or five (four, five, ten, etc.). This character is not always reliable, and is not easy to use in identification of some flowers with reduced or numerous parts.
Pollen Structure
Monocot and dicot plants have different pollen structures. In a monocot, the pollen grain produced by the flower has a single furrow or pore through the outer layer. In a dicot plant, the pollen grain has three furrows or pores.
Stem & Vascular Bundles
Monocot plants normally have a weak stem, whereas dicots have a strong stem. Vascular tissues are seen as long strands and are called vascular bundles. In the dicot plant, the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring form, whereas in a monocot, these bundles appear scattered through the stem, with more of the bundles located towards the periphery (outer edge) of the stem than at the centre.
plzz mark as brainly..
MONOCOTS
Grasses
Palm Trees
The palm tree is an exception to the rule when it comes to monocot plants. Most monocots cannot grow as large and tall as palm trees do because they lack secondary growth—the growth of wood and bark—limiting most monocots to be herbaceous. However, palm trees have circumvented this issue by utilizing their vascular bundles and the lignin within them to create a more firm stem. Palm stems are also thickened by parenchymal cells that surround the vascular bundles, providing even more support for a tall tree-form.
Still, one clearly observable characteristic of a palm tree that identifies it as a monocot is the leaf of the tree. The leaves of a palm tree are long and strap-like, with major veins running parallel to one another.
Lillies
Probably one of the easiest of all plants to identify as monocots is the lily because it fits the bill for all monocot characteristics. The flowers of most lilies are obvious and trimerous as all three pedals are usually identical in size and shape, the roots are adventitious, it is small and herbaceous, and begins with a single cotyledon.
However, some lilies have developed different petal and flowering structures with may be confusing when trying to classify them as either monocots or dicots. The flowers can come in many different shapes like trumpets, funnels, cups, bells, or even flat shapes. For instance, the flowers of a peace lily is born in clusters on a stem called a spadix, which doesn’t look like your typical flower cluster. A common misconception about the peace lily is that it has just one petal. What most people mistake for the petal is actually a specialized leaf called a spathe. The true flowers on the spadix are, indeed, trimerous.
Orchids
Similar to the lily, the primary characteristic of orchids that identify them as monocots is the flower. The petals of orchid flowers are clearly trimerous; however, some morphological features distinguishes the orchids from other monocots. Of the petals that grow in multiples of three, one petal has evolved to become a lip, a specialized landing platform for the pollinator. So, in the case of orchids, not all three flower petals look alike, which may be confusing when looking for identifying characteristics of monocots. Also, while the orchid does begin with three stigmatic lobes as is typical with most monocots, they are later fused together, with just a few faint lines to implicate its trimerous structure.
Bananas
Often incorrectly thought of as a tree, the banana plant is actually a monocot and is closely related to the grass family. As is typical with monocots, banana plants do not have secondary growth; they die down regularly after the banana plant has produced its fruits. The banana fruit even grow in parts of three (tri-locular, having three segments) and have leaves with the familiar pattern of parallel veins.
DICOTS
Oak Trees
Perhaps a more obvious indication that the oak tree is a dicot is the presence of wood and bark as a result of secondary growth—a characteristic not found in monocots. In fact, all true trees that have wood and bark are dicots, including maple trees, apple trees, and sycamores. Less obviously, their roots do develop from the radicle, which is typical of dicot plants.
Daisies
Roses
Cacti
When we think of flowering plants, cacti may not be the first or even second thing to come to mind; however, cacti do have flowers that bloom under just the right conditions. And when they bloom, their flowers are large, showy, and pentamerous (although it may be difficult to count because in many genera, these flowers have dozens of petals and stamens)!
The leaves of cacti are modified to reduce water loss, making it difficult to check for venation pattern. However, the root systems of the cactus plants have not been modified: they have retained the ever-familiar tap root system characteristic of dicot plants.
Legumes
Peas, beans, lentils, and peanuts are all dicots with flowers that grow in clusters. It may be difficult to count the number of floral parts, but they do appear in multiples of four or five. Stems of legumes vary in woodiness and size, but their leaves are all distinctly reticular.