Question

can anyone give me the answers​

Answer 1

Answer:

1)The division of power between the Central and State Governments is done in a three fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and the State Government. There are three lists i.e. Union List, State List and Conturrent List.

Explanation:

2) 1. Our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language. Hindi was identified as the official language. But Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40 per cent of the Indians. Therefore, there were many safeguards to protect other languages.

2. Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognised as scheduled languages by the Constitution.

3. A candidate in an examination conducted for the national government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these languages. States too have their own official languages. Much of the government work takes place in the official language of the concerned state.

4. Unlike Sri Lanka, the leaders of our country adopted a very cautious attitude in spreading the use of Hindi. According to the Constitution, the use of English for official purposes was to stop in 1965.

Answer 2

¹) ᴡʜɪʟᴇ sᴄʜᴇᴅᴜʟᴇ ᴠɪɪ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ ᴄᴏɴsɪsᴛs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴏʟʟᴏᴡɪɴɢ ᴛʜʀᴇᴇ ʟɪsᴛs ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴅᴇᴀʟ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅɪᴠɪsɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴘᴏᴡᴇʀs ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛᴀᴛᴇs, ᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ ²⁴⁶ sᴛᴀᴛᴇs ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴏᴡᴇʀs ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛᴀᴛᴇs ɪs ᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʜʀᴇᴇ ʟɪsᴛs – ᴜɴɪᴏɴ ʟɪsᴛ, sᴛᴀᴛᴇ ʟɪsᴛ ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴏɴᴄᴜʀʀᴇɴᴛ ʟɪsᴛ.

²) ʟᴀɴɢᴜᴀɢᴇ ᴘᴏʟɪᴄʏ ᴏғ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ:ᴏᴜʀ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ᴅɪᴅ ɴᴏᴛ ɢɪᴠᴇ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛᴀᴛᴜs ᴏғ ɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ʟᴀɴɢᴜᴀɢᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴀɴʏ ᴏɴᴇ ʟᴀɴɢᴜᴀɢᴇ. ʜɪɴᴅɪ ᴡᴀs ɪᴅᴇɴᴛɪғɪᴇᴅ ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ᴏғғɪᴄɪᴀʟ ʟᴀɴɢᴜᴀɢᴇ. ʙᴜᴛ ʜɪɴᴅɪ ɪs ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴛᴏɴɢᴜᴇ ᴏғ ᴏɴʟʏ ᴀʙᴏᴜᴛ ⁴⁰ ᴘᴇʀ ᴄᴇɴᴛ ᴏғ ɪɴᴅɪᴀɴs. ᴛʜᴇʀᴇғᴏʀᴇ, ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ᴡᴇʀᴇ ᴍᴀɴʏ sᴀғᴇɢᴜᴀʀᴅs ᴛᴏ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇᴄᴛ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ʟᴀɴɢᴜᴀɢᴇs.

³) ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴀɴᴄʜᴀʏᴀᴛɪ ʀᴀᴊ sʏsᴛᴇᴍ ᴏғ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ ʜᴀs ʙᴇᴇɴ ɪɴᴛʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴇᴅ ʙʏ ʙᴀʟᴡᴀɴᴛ ʀᴀɪ ᴍᴇʜᴛᴀ ᴄᴏᴍᴍɪᴛᴛᴇᴇ. ɪᴛs ᴀᴄʜɪᴇᴠᴇᴍᴇɴᴛs ᴀʀᴇ: (ɪ) ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴛʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ʟᴏᴄᴀʟ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛs ʜᴀs ʜᴇʟᴘᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴅᴇᴇᴘᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴏᴏᴛs ᴏғ ᴅᴇᴍᴏᴄʀᴀᴄʏ ɪɴ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ. (ɪɪ) ɪᴛ ʜᴀs ɪɴᴄʀᴇᴀsᴇᴅ ʀᴇᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ sᴄʜᴇᴅᴜʟᴇᴅ ᴄᴀsᴛᴇs, sᴄʜᴇᴅᴜʟᴇᴅ ᴛʀɪʙᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ᴡᴏᴍᴇɴ ᴀs ᴡᴇʟʟ.

⁴) ғᴇᴅᴇʀᴀʟɪsᴍ ɪs ᴀ ғᴏʀᴍ ᴏғ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ʀᴇᴠᴏʟᴠᴇs ᴀʀᴏᴜɴᴅ ᴘᴏᴡᴇʀ sʜᴀʀɪɴɢ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴀ ɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀʟ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴇ (ғᴇᴅᴇʀᴀʟ' ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ) ᴡɪᴛʜ ʀᴇɢɪᴏɴᴀʟ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛs (ᴘʀᴏᴠɪɴᴄɪᴀʟ, sᴛᴀᴛᴇ, ᴄᴀɴᴛᴏɴᴀʟ, ᴛᴇʀʀɪᴛᴏʀɪᴀʟ ᴏʀ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ sᴜʙ-ᴜɴɪᴛ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛs) ɪɴ ᴀ sɪɴɢʟᴇ ᴘᴏʟɪᴛɪᴄᴀʟ sʏsᴛᴇᴍ. ᴛᴏ ɪʟʟᴜsᴛʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴛʜɪs ᴏɴᴇ ᴄᴀɴ, ᴜsᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇxᴀᴍᴘʟᴇ ᴏғ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ ᴀɴᴅ ɪᴛs ғᴇᴅᴇʀᴀʟ sᴛʀᴜᴄᴛᴜʀᴇ.

ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴅɪᴀɴ ᴜɴɪᴏɴ ʜᴀs ᴀ ғᴇᴅᴇʀᴀʟ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ. ɪᴛ ᴏʀɪɢɪɴᴀʟʟʏ ᴡᴀs ᴛᴡᴏ- ᴛɪᴇʀ sʏsᴛᴇᴍ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴀʟ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛs. ʟᴀᴛᴇʀ ᴀ ᴛʜɪʀᴅ -ᴛɪᴇʀ ᴡᴀs ᴀᴅᴅᴇᴅ ғᴏʀ ʀᴜʀᴀʟ ᴀʀᴇᴀs ᴀɴᴅ ɪs ᴋɴᴏᴡɴ ᴀs ‘ᴘᴀɴᴄʜᴀʏᴀᴛɪ ʀᴀᴊ’. ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ᴅɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴛ ᴛɪᴇʀs ʜᴀᴠᴇ sᴇᴘᴀʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴊᴜʀɪsᴅɪᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀs ᴍᴀɴᴅᴀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴅɪᴀɴ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴ. ᴛᴏ ᴇɴsᴜʀᴇ ғɪɴᴀɴᴄɪᴀʟ ᴀᴜᴛᴏɴᴏᴍʏ ᴛʜᴇ sᴏᴜʀᴄᴇs ᴏғ ʀᴇᴠᴇɴᴜᴇ ғᴏʀ ʙᴏᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴀʟ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴀɴᴅ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛs ᴀʀᴇ ᴄʟᴇᴀʀʟʏ sᴘᴇᴄɪғɪᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ɪɴᴅɪᴄᴀᴛᴇs ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ᴍᴀɪɴ sᴏᴜʀᴄᴇs ᴏғ ɪɴᴄᴏᴍᴇ. ғᴏʟʟᴏᴡɪɴɢ ᴀʀᴇ sᴏᴍᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇs ʟɪsᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴅɪᴀɴ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ᴛᴏ ᴘʀᴏᴍᴏᴛᴇ ғɪɴᴀɴᴄɪᴀʟ ᴀᴜᴛᴏɴᴏᴍʏ.

a) . ᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ ²⁸² ᴀᴄᴄᴏʀᴅs ғɪɴᴀɴᴄɪᴀʟ ᴀᴜᴛᴏɴᴏᴍʏ ɪɴ sᴘᴇɴᴅɪɴɢ ғɪɴᴀɴᴄɪᴀʟ ʀᴇsᴏᴜʀᴄᴇs ᴀᴠᴀɪʟᴀʙʟᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛᴀᴛᴇs ғᴏʀ ᴘᴜʙʟɪᴄ ᴘᴜʀᴘᴏsᴇ. ᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ ²⁹³ ᴀʟʟᴏᴡs sᴛᴀᴛᴇs ᴛᴏ ʙᴏʀʀᴏᴡ ᴡɪᴛʜᴏᴜᴛ ʟɪᴍɪᴛ ᴡɪᴛʜᴏᴜᴛ ᴄᴏɴsᴇɴᴛ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ᴜɴɪᴏɴ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ.

B) ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴇsɪᴅᴇɴᴛ ᴏғ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛᴇs ᴀ ғɪɴᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴍɪssɪᴏɴ ᴇᴠᴇʀʏ ғɪᴠᴇ ʏᴇᴀʀs ᴛᴏ ʀᴇᴄᴏᴍᴍᴇɴᴅ ᴅᴇᴠᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴜɴɪᴏɴ ʀᴇᴠᴇɴᴜᴇs ᴛᴏ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛs.

C) ᴜɴᴅᴇʀ ᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ ³⁶⁰, ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴇsɪᴅᴇɴᴛ ᴄᴀɴ ᴘʀᴏᴄʟᴀɪᴍ ᴀ ғɪɴᴀɴᴄɪᴀʟ ᴇᴍᴇʀɢᴇɴᴄʏ ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ғɪɴᴀɴᴄɪᴀʟ sᴛᴀʙɪʟɪᴛʏ ᴏʀ ᴄʀᴇᴅɪᴛ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏʀ ᴏғ ᴀɴʏ ᴘᴀʀᴛ ᴏғ ɪᴛs ᴛᴇʀʀɪᴛᴏʀʏ ɪs ᴛʜʀᴇᴀᴛᴇɴᴇᴅ.

ᴛʜᴜs ғʀᴏᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀʙᴏᴠᴇ ᴅɪsᴄᴜssɪᴏɴ, ɪᴛ ɪs ᴇᴠɪᴅᴇɴᴛ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ғɪɴᴀɴᴄɪᴀʟ ᴀᴜᴛᴏɴᴏᴍʏ ᴏғ ᴀ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴜɴᴅᴇʀ ᴀ ғᴇᴅᴇʀᴀʟ sʏsᴛᴇᴍ ɪs ᴇɴᴛɪᴛʟᴇᴅ ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ғᴏʟʟᴏᴡᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ.

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