Can anyone please send me the notes of acid bases and salts class 10. Handwritten or from book would be much better!
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Acids, Bases and Salts Class 10 Science Chapter, Explanation, Notes, Question Answers
Acids, Bases and Salts Class 10 Science Chapter, Explanation, Examples, Question Answers
Acids, Bases and Salts Notes of CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter with detailed explanation of the chapter ‘Acids, bases and salts' along with meanings of difficult words. Given here is the complete explanation of the chapter, along with examples and all the exercises, Question and Answers given at the back of the chapter.
Acids, Bases and Salts - Class 10 Science
Chapter 2 - Acids, Bases and Salts
acids bases salts
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Acids
washing soda
bases
baking soda
physical properties of acids and bases
Plaster Of Paris
chemical properties of acids and bases
Bleaching powder
Ph and its biological importance, indicators
NCERT Book solutions
Also See : CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2019-2020 Session
See Video for Explanation and Summary of the Lesson (Part 1)
Acids, Bases and Salts Chapter Introduction
Like we individuals have certain kind of nature, likewise, every chemical substance that we come across has some nature. But in terms of chemicals, we relate nature either with acidic, basic or neutral nature.
But to know exactly what is acidic, basic or neutral, we need to know about what exactly we mean by being acidic, basic or neutral. So, accordingly, different concepts were introduced to define them. So, let us study them first .
Earlier, it was thought that those substances that are sour, turn blue litmus red and are corrosive are called acids.
Whereas those which are bitter, turn red litmus blue, soapy in touch are called bases.
But later this concept was replaced by relevant concepts like lewis concept, bronsted lowry concept and Arrhenius concept.
In our syllabus we need to know only about Arrhenius concept .
arrhenius concept
Acids
Arrhenius Concept: According to his way of judging substances, he classified the acids and bases as given below:
Acids are those that when dissolved in water, give hydrogen ion or we can write hydronium ion (H3O+)
This hydronium ion is formed due to the combination of hydrogen ion produced by acid with water molecule.
Example of acids are: hydrochloric acid (HCl)
sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
nitric acid (HNO3)
phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
carbonic acid (H2CO3)
Classification Of Acids: we have different classification based on different factors so let's sum up and make ourselves familiar with it.
1. Depending upon source from which they are obtained
Organic acids
Inorganic acids
Organic Acids are obtained from plants and animals or we can say they are present in organic matter.
Example: in tomato, oxalic acid is present , in apple, malic acid and in lemon, we have citric acid and so many other acids are present in different organic substances.
arrhenius concept
Inorganic Acids are those that are obtained from minerals present in earth. These are quite reactive in nature.
Example we have are : nitric acid, sulphuric acid, etc.
acids
2. Classification of acids on the basis of strength
If we talk about strength, it means the amount of hydrogen ions given out when acid is dissolved in water.
On the basis of this we have two categories of acids -
Strong acids
Weak acids
Strong Acid is the acid that completely dissociates into hydrogen ion. These acids
totally dissociate and leave no dissociated molecule of acid.
Example: Hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, etc.
Weak Acid is the acid that partially dissociates into hydrogen ions. There actually
exists the equilibrium between dissociated ions and undissociated molecules of
acids .
Example: Carbonic acid.
3. Classification of acids on the basis of water content
Dilute acid
Concentrated acid
Dilute Acid is the acid that has more amount of water in it and less salt content.
They are not quite strong.
Concentrated Acid is that which has less amount of water in it and more amount
of salt content.
We can dilute the concentrated acid but need to take certain precautions as
follows-
One can dilute concentrated acid by adding concentrated acid slowly in water with
continuous stirring. By doing so, the heat released is comparatively less and is
constantly absorbed by water. So, it prevents the reaction from becoming violent.
Acids Bases – Sour in taste – Bitter in taste – Change the blue litmus to red – Change red litmus to blue – eg.HydrochloricAcidHCl eg. Sodiumhydroxide NaOH – SulphuricAcidH2SO4 PotassiumhydroxideKOH – NitricAcidHNO3 CalciumhydroxideCa(OH)2 – AceticAcid CH3 COOH – AmmoniumhydroxideNH4OH Some Naturally occuring acids Vinegar – Acetic Acid Orange – Citric Acid Lemon – Citric Acid Tamarind – Tartaric Acid Tomato – OxalicAcid Sour milk (Curd) – Lactic Acid Ant and Nettle sting – Methanoic Acid Acid – Base Indicators – Indicate the presence of an acid or base in a solution. Litmus solution – It is a natural indicator. It is a purple day extracted from Lichens. Other examples are Red Cabbage and coloured petals of Petunia and turmeric. Olfactory indicators – Show odour changes in acidic or basic media. eg. onion and clove. Dilute Acid : Contains only a small amounts of acid and a large amount of water. Concentrated Acid : A concentrated acid contains a large amount of acid and a small amount of water. Chemical Properties of Acids and Bases Acid + Metal --> Salt + Hydrogen Pop test : When a burning candle is brought near a test tube containing hydrogen gas it burns with a ‘Pop’ sound. This test is conducted for examining the presence of hydrogen gas. Base + Metal --> Salt + Hydrogen NaOH + Zn --> Na2ZnO2 + H2 Sodium Zincate Note – Such reactions are not possible with all the metals. Strength of an Acid or Base Strength of acids and bases depends on the no. of H+ions and OH–ions produced respectively. With the help of a universal indicator we can find the strength of an acid or base. This indicator is called PH scale. pH = Potenz in German means power. This scale measures from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very alkaline) 7 Neutral (water in Neutral). pH paper : Is a paper which is used for measuring PH. – strong Acids give rise to more H+ions. eg. HCl, H2SO4 and HNO3. – Weak Acids give rise to less H+ ions eg. CH3 COOH, H2 CO3 (Carbonic acid) – Strong Bases – Strong bases give rise to more OH– ions. eg. NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2 – Weak Bases : give rise to less OH– ions. eg. NH4OH +1 vote answered Mar 2, 2017 by vikash (13.5k points) Importance of pH in our daily life Importance of pH in our digestive system – pH level of our body regulates our digestive system. In case of indigestion our stomach produces acid in a very large quantity because of which we feel pain and irritation in our stomach. To get relief from this pain antacids are used. These antacids neutralises the excess acid and we get relief. pH of Acid Rain : When pH of rain water is less than 5.6 it is called Acid Rain.When this acidic rain flows into rivers these also get acidic, which causes a threat to the survival of aquatic life. pH of Soil : Plants require a specific range of pH for their healthy growth. If pH of soil of any particular place is less or more than normal than the farmers add suitable fertilizers to it. Our body functions between the range of 7.0 to 7.8 living organisms can survive only in the narrow range of pH change. Tooth decay and pH : Bacteria present in the mouth produce acids by degredation of sugar and food particles remaining in themouth. Using toothpaste which is generally basic can neutralise the excess acid and prevent tooth decay. Bee sting or Nettle sting contains methanoic acid which causes pain and irritation. When we use a weak base like baking soda on it we get relief. Neutral Salts : Strong Acid + Strong base pH value is 7 eg. NaCl, CaSO4 Acidic Salts : Strong Acid + weak base pH value is less than 7 eq. NH4Cl, NH4 NO3 Basic Salts : Strong base + weak acid pH value is more than 7 eg. CaCO3, CH3 COONa Chemicals from Common Salt – Sodium chloride is called as common salt used in our food. It is derived from seawater. – Rock Salt is the brown coloured large crystals. This s mined like coal. – Common Salt is an important raw material for many materials of daily use such as. Sodium hydroxide Washing Soda Bleaching Power.