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What are the effects of drug abuse?
Medically reviewed by Dr. Sirisha Yellayi, DO — Written by Jamie Eske on June 17, 2020
Short-term effects
Long-term effects
Misuse, abuse, and addiction
Getting help
Treatment
Summary
Drug misuse, abuse, and addiction can all lead to both short-term and long-term health effects.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition (DMS-4) definesTrusted Source drug abuse as “a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress.”
Short-term effects
Group therapy may help a person who is in recovery for drug abuse.
Drugs are chemical compounds that affect the mind and body. The exact effects vary among individuals and also depend on the drug, dosage, and delivery method.
Nicotine from cigarettes and other tobacco products raises blood pressure and increases alertness.
Using a prescription opioid as a doctor has instructed helps relieve moderate-to-severe pain, but opioids can also cause drowsiness, shallow breathing, and constipation.
Abusing a drug, or misusing a prescription medication, can produce other short-term effects, such as:
changes in appetite
sleeplessness or insomnia
increased heart rate
slurred speech
changes in cognitive ability
a temporary sense of euphoria
loss of coordination
Drug abuse can affect aspects of a person’s life beyond their physical health. People with substance use disorder, for example, may experience:
an inability to cease using a drug
relationship problems
poor work or academic performance
difficulty maintaining personal hygiene
noticeable changes in appearance, such as extreme weight loss
increased impulsivity and risk-taking behaviors
loss of interest in formerly enjoyable activities
Long-term effects
Drug abuse, especially over an extended period, can have numerous long-term health effects.
Chronic drug useTrusted Source can alter a person’s brain structure and function, resulting in long-term psychological effects, such as:
depression
anxiety
panic disorders
increased aggression
paranoia
hallucinations
Long-term drug use can also affect a person’s memory, learning, and concentration.
The long-term physical effects of drug use vary depending on the type of drug and the duration of use. However, experts have linked chronic drug use with the following health conditions:
Cardiovascular disease
Stimulants, such as cocaine and methamphetamines, can damage the heart and blood vessels.
The long-term use of these drugs can lead to coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, and heart attack.
Respiratory problems
Drugs that people smoke or inhale can damage the respiratory system and lead to chronic respiratory infections and diseases.
Opioids slow a person’s breathing by binding to specific receptors in the central nervous system that regulate respiration. By depressing a person’s respiration, these drugs can lead to slow breathing or heavy snoring.
A person may stop breathing entirely if they take a large dose of an opioid or take it alongside other drugs, such as sleep aids or alcohol.
Kidney damage
The kidneys filter excess minerals and waste products from the blood. Heroin, ketamine, and synthetic cannabinoids can cause kidney damage or kidney failure.
Liver disease
Chronic drug and alcohol use can damage the liver cells, leading to inflammation, scarring, and even liver failure.
Overdose
Taking too much of a drug or taking multiple drugs together can result in an overdose.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), drug overdose caused 67,367 deathsTrusted Source in the United States in 2018. Opioids contributed to nearly 70% of these deaths.
Explanation:
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According to the given paragraph-
Cause :
The break-down of a family leads to the lack of support & guidance of mature individuals to the young people of the family.
So, the young people turn to their peers who encourage them to experiment with drugs in order to become part of the group or gang.
To experience the feeling of ecstasy and elation, they experiment with drugs.
The Effects:
- Drug reduces the ability of a person to respond to situations.
- It also reduces the ability to make responsible decisions.
- It leads to severe health problems.
- People with drug addiction tend to involve in violent acts.