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(3) The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial. The term is most often applied to the Earth or some parts of Earth. This environment encompasses the interaction of all living species, climate, weather and natural resources that affect human survival and economic activity.
(4) There was no mention of Delhi as it became important only during the 12th century. It was under the Tomaras and Chauhans, Delhi became an important commercial centre. Many rich Jaina merchants lived in the city and constructed several temples. Coins minted here, called Dehliuial, had a wide circulation.
(5) Prithviraj Chauhan (c. 1168-1192) was a ruler of the Chauhan dynasty. He ruled a kingdom in the northern part of India during 12th century.
(6) Private Healthcare Service and Government Healthcare Service are two types of healthcare services.
(7)i/ Jalaluddin Khalji - 1290–1296
ii/ Alauddin Khalji - 1296–1316
iii/ Shihabuddin Omar Khalji - 1316
iv/ Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah Khalji - 1316–1320
v/ Khusrau Khan Khalji - 1320
(8) The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth's surface. When the Sun's energy reaches the Earth's atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases. The absorbed energy warms the atmosphere and the surface of the Earth.
(9) Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earth's average surface temperature. Effects of global warming are :-
• Ecosystems: Global warming stresses ecosystems through temperature rises, water shortages, increased fire threats, drought, weed and pest invasions, intense storm damage and salt invasion, just to name a few. Some of Australia’s great natural icons, such as the Great Barrier Reef, are already threatened.
• Species: One in six species is at risk of extinction because of climate change. To survive, plants, animals and birds confronted with climate change have two options: move or adapt. With the speed of climate change we are experiencing already, it’s often not possible for a species to adapt quickly enough to keep up with its changing environment. And with the amount of habitat destruction, moving is becoming increasingly difficult.
• Food and farming: Changes to rainfall patterns, increasingly severe drought, more frequent heat waves, flooding and extreme weather make it more difficult for farmers to graze livestock and grow produce, reducing food availability and making it more expensive to buy.
• Water: Reduced rainfall and increasingly severe droughts may lead to water shortages.
• Coastal Erosion: Rising sea levels and more frequent and intense storm surges will see more erosion of Australia's coastline, wearing away and inundating community and residential properties.
• Health: Increasingly severe and frequent heat waves may lead to death and illness, especially among the elderly. Higher temperatures and humidity could also produce more mosquito-borne disease.
• Damage to homes: Increasingly severe extreme weather events like bushfires, storms, floods, cyclones and coastal erosion, will see increased damage to homes, as well as more costly insurance premiums.
(10) Censorship is when an authority (such as a government or religion) cuts out or suppresses communication. This has been done widely. All countries, religions and societies have their limits as to what can be said, or written or communication by art or nowadays by computer. Certain facts are changed or removed on purpose. This may be done because it is considered wrong, harmful, sensitive, or inconvenient to the government or other authority. This can be done for different reasons.
Factual information is information that solely deals with facts. It is short and non-explanatory. The best place to find factual information is in reference books such as encyclopedias and almanacs. You can also find it in governmental statistics such as the U.S. Census.
(11) Ananga Pala first establish his capital at Delhi.
(12) They do so by writing letters to the concerned minister, organising a public protest, starting a signature campaigns and asking the government to rethink its programme, etc.
(13) Internal frontier of the empire refers to the areas included in the Sultanate as well as the hinterland of the garrison towns. Exterior frontier refers to the territories which were not conquered by the Sultans of Delhi.
(14) The mosque is the traditional Muslim place of worship. Mosque stems from the Arabic word masjid, meaning "temple" or "place of worship." This building is very important religiously and politically, and can be a modest structure or an architectural masterpiece, such as the Great Mosque of Córdoba in Spain.
(15) The authors of Persian tawarikh criticised the Delhi Sultans for appointing the “low and base-born” to high offices.