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Answers
Answer (2) : The middle class or the richer members of the Third Estate consisting of merchants, traders, lawyers and rich peasants benefited the most from the French Revolution; feudal obligations were no longer to be honoured by the Third Estate. Tithes, the tax given to the Church, were abolished.
The clergy and the nobility were the groups which were forced to relinqu power, how they were forced to give up their privilege e.g., the how could not collect taxes and its lands were confiscated.
The poorer sections of the third estate and women were disappointed with the outcome of the French Revolution because their aspirations were not properly fulfilled, e.g., women were not given voting rights. Poor men who did not have fulfilled property or who did not pay taxes were not allowed to vote.
Answer (3) : The legacy of the French Revolution for the peoples of the world during the nineteenth and twenteeth centuries was as follows :
- Ideas of equality and democratic spread from France to other European countries and feudalism was abolished.
- Colonial people reworked the idea of freedom from bondage into their movements to create sovereign nation states.
- It was the first movement to adopt the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity.
- The declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen gave rights such as right to life, freedom of speech, equality before law, etc.
- Women were given many rights. They could not be forced to marry against their will, divorce was made legal, schooling was made compulsory and they could train for jobs.
Answer (4) : Democratic rights that we enjoy today whose origins can be traced to the French Revolution are :
- Right to Equality
- Right to Freedom
- Right to Assemble and Form Unions
- Right to Freedom of Expression
Answer (5) : The message of universal rights was beset with contradictions. Many ideals in the “Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen” were not clear in their meanings. e.g,
- ”The law has the right to forbid only actions injurious to society” did not mention about criminal offences against other individuals.
- The declaration stated that “law is the expression of the general will
All citizens have the right to participate in its formation .. All citizens are equal before it”. However, France became a Constitutional Monarchy, but still millions of citizens (men under the age of 25 and women) were not allowed to vote at all.
This was In striking contrast to the ideals that the revolution espoused. When the Jacobins assumed power, they had very harsh policies and so the wealthier middle classes became powerful. The political Instability of such regimes ultimately made Napoleon the Monarch of France.