can u pls explain chp of geog 8th std industries
Answers
Answer:
The notebooks that the students use in order to jot down their notes are manufactured after a long process. The journey of this notebook starts from a tree. Those who wish to manufacture paper, cut down the trees and transport it to any pulp mill. At the mill, the wood of trees is processed using machines and gets converted into pulp made of wood. The mill workers mix the pulp with chemicals. The mix is finally converted into paper with the help of machines. These pages are then bound into a notebook, packed well and are sent to stationary shops to be sold.
Manufacturing or Secondary Activities are the process through which raw materials are converted into products. These products can be valuable to people in different ways. In the above example, pulp is changed into paper and paper gets converted into a notebook. These are two processes of manufacturing.
The cotton which is used to manufacture clothes and pulp which is used to make paper had values added to them at every stage while the process of manufacturing was going on. Due to this, a product which gets finished achieves more utility and value as compared to the raw material from which the final product has been manufactured.
Industry is the economic activity which involves producing goods, extracting different minerals and providing services. The examples of industries that produce goods are Iron & Steel Industry, that of extracting minerals are Coal Mining Industry, and Tourism Industry is an example of those who provide services.

Classification of Industries
We can classify industries on the following three basis:
Raw Materials
Size
Ownership
Raw Materials: Depending on the type of raw materials that is being used, industries are classified on following basis:
Agro based Industries: Here, plants and animals based products are used. Few of the examples of such industries are leather industries, cotton textile, food processing, dairy products and vegetable industries.
Mineral Based Industries: They are primary industries which use mineral ores in the form of the required raw materials. Other industries feed on the product of these industries. Iron which is manufactured from iron ore is an example of a product which we get from mineral based industries. In order to manufacture several products like railway coaches, heavy machinery and building materials, the raw materials from this industry are needed.
Marine Based Industries: They use products from ocean and sea in the form of raw materials. Few of the examples of such industries are those industries which process sea food or manufacture oil from fishes.
Forest Based Industries: They use products of forests in the form of raw materials. Pharmaceuticals, buildings, paper and pulp & furniture are some of the industries that we get from the forests.
Size: The production volume, number of people that are being employed and the capital amount that is being invested are main determinants of size of an industry. On the basis of size, we classify industry into two following types:
Small Scale Industries: Household or cottage industries are an example of small scale industries. Artisans manufacture these products by hand. Few other examples of cottage industries are pottery, basket weaving among others. Lesser amounts of technology and capital are required. Those industries that process food and silk weaving are an example of such industries.
Large Scale Industries: In these industries, superior kind of technology is used and investment capital that is involved is high as well. Heavy machinery and automobile production are examples of such industries.
Ownership: On the basis of ownership, industries are classified into following types:
Private Sector Industries: A group of individuals or one individual operates such industries.
Public Sector Industries: The government owns such industries such as Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).
Joint Sector Industries: An individual or group of Individuals along with the state own such industries. An example of this is Maruti Udyog Limited
Co-operative Sector Industries: The suppliers or producers of raw materials along with workers or even both in some cases own these industries. Sudha Dairy and Anand Milk Union Limited (AMUL) are examples of co-operative ventures that have been successful.