can you narrate the story of coal formation?
Answers
Answer:
1. How coal is formed?
The formation of coal takes millions of years, which is why it is an exhaustible and non-renewable natural resource. It was formed around 300 million years ago when the earth was covered with swampy forests. When plants in these forests- mainly trees, mosses, ferns, and reeds died, they fell into the swamps. Thus, there was a thick layer of dead vegetation in the swamp formed. As years passed, more and more plants died and many such layers were formed, one above each other. The topmost layers compressed the layers below. Heat and pressure caused some physical and chemical changes and eventually, some carbon-rich deposits were formed.
2. How is Coal Obtained?
It is obtained from the underground seams, which are the layers of ores and are thick enough to be mined with profitable results. There are two ways in which mining can be done- underground and open-pit. Determining the type of mining depends on the depth of the deposit. Vertical shafts are dug to access the deposits through underground mining, whereas in surface or open-pit mining, soil and rocks that lie on top of the mineral deposits are removed. The cost of surface mining is lesser than that of underground mining. This is why the surface mining is more dominant.
Uses of Coal
- It is mainly used to generate heat and electricity.
- It is used in households and in industries to accomplish various tasks.
- It is the cheapest source of power fuel.
- The iron and steel industry depends heavily on fossil fuel for energy.
- It is also used to produce useful products such as coke, tar, and coal gas.
- This fossil fuel was responsible for the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century.
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Explanation:
Most coal formed approximately 300 million years ago from the remains of trees and other vegetation. These remains were trapped on the bottom of swamps, accumulating layer after layer and creating a dense material called peat. As this peat was buried more and more underground, the high temperatures and pressure transformed it into coal.
Coal Formation
Coal is still the largest source of energy for the generation of electricity worldwide, though it’s being phased out in many parts of the world due to its impact on the climate. But if we want to understand the origins of coal, we have to look back much further — to a period called the Carboniferous.
The Carboniferous (after the Latin name of coal) took place approximately 360 to 300 million years ago. Amphibians were the dominant land vertebrates and vast swaths of huge trees covered the singular mega-continent Pangaea. The atmospheric content of oxygen was at its highest level in history: 35%, compared with 21% today; all the conditions were ripe for the formation of massive coal beds.
Coal never formed before the Carboniferous, and very rarely formed after it. Two conditions are regarded as crucial for this event:
the emergence of wooden trees with bark; a large quantity of wood was buried in this period because mushrooms and microorganisms hadn’t yet figured out how to decompose trees. After they did, coal formations became much rarer.
the lower sea levels; the decrease of the sea level created many swampy environments in what is today North America and Europe. These swamps were vital for coal formation.
Coal formation. Image via Kentucky Geological Survey.
As mentioned before, these trees were not decomposed by anything and were preserved. In time, they were buried. As they went deeper and deeper, temperature and pressure started building up and started to transform the coal.