Carbon and carbon compounds
1. Name two allotropes of carbon.
2. Why covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points?
3. Give two properties of ethanol.
4. What are heteroatoms?
5. Define catalyst.
6. Name the peculiar/specific chemical property exclusive in case of saturated hydrocarbons and
unsaturated hydrocarbons.
7. Why does carbon forms large number of compounds?
8. Write the structural formula for brompentane and ethanoic acid.
9. How does ethanoic acid react with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates? Show it with the equation.
10. Draw the structures of two isomers of butane.
11. Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Give one example for each.
12. Diamond and graphite show different physical properties although they are made up of carbon and
shows same chemical properties. What is the property called?
13. What is denatured alcohol?
14. What is esterification and give its uses?
15. Give difference between soap and detergent.
Answers
Answer:
1. Diamonds and Graphite
2. The molecules in covalent compounds are held by weak van der wall's forces,hence they have low melting points and boiling points as a compared to ionic compounds.
3. Properties of Ethanol :--
(a) Ethanol is a flammable, colorless liquid.
(b) it has pleasant odor reminiscent of whiskey.
4. It's an element or group of elements replaces one or more H atom from Hydrocarbon compounds such that the valency of carbon remains constant.
5. substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change is know as catalyst.
6. Chemical property of Saturated hydrocarbon: The first distinct property of saturated hydrocarbon is that its constituents elements are bonded together with a single bond. ... In the case of unsaturated hydrocarbon, the constituents elements are bonded together with a double or triple bond.
7. Carbon is the only element that can form so many different compounds because each carbon atom can form four chemical bonds to other atoms and because the carbon atom is just the right, small size to fit in comfortably as parts of very large molecules. (Carbon compounds are present on all forms even in your body and in all materials )
8. C5H11BR is the structural formula of bromopentane. CH3COOH is the structural formula of ethanoic acid (fig in which 8 is written)
9. Ethanoic acid reacts with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates or bicarbonates to form salt, water and carbon dioxide. While the gas, carbon dioxide bubbles through the test tube, the salt and water formed remain as precipitat
2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 = 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 ⎯→ CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
10. Fig in which 10 is written
11. saturated hydrocarbon is the hydrocarbon in which all its carbon-carbon bonds are single. e.g alkanes like ethane ,propane. An unsaturated hydrocarbon,however, is the one in which some carbon-carbon bonds can be double or triple. e.g alkenes like ethene have double bonds while alkynes like ethyne have triple bonds.
12. This property is called ALLOTROPY,due to which allotropes of carbon have same chemical properties and different physical properties.
13. Denatured alcohol, also called methylated spirits or wood spirit or denatured rectified spirit, is ethanol that has additives to make it poisonous, bad-tasting, foul-smelling, or nauseating to discourage recreational consumption.
14. When a carboxylic acid is treated with an alcohol and an acid catalyst, an ester is formed (along with water). ... Used to test of carboxylic acid and alcohols. This reaction is used in the manufacture of paints, varnishes, lacquers, medicines, dyes, soaps and synthetic rubber.
15. Soaps are the sodium salts of carboxylic acids in long chains. Sodium salts of long-chain benzene sulphonic acids are detergents. Soaps are biodegradable while some of the detergents can not be biodegraded. Soaps have relatively weak cleaning action, whereas detergents have a strong cleaning effect.
