Carbondioxide +
Hydrogen = methyl alcohol.
Answers
Answer:
4.10 Methanol
Methanol is obtained from hydrogen and CO, is liquid under normal conditions, and has high hydrogen content; because of these properties, methanol can be considered as a suitable vehicle fuel. The principle of use states that hydrogen occurs by being broken down methanol and the resulting hydrogen is consumed as fuel. The energy loss in the fragmentation process is quite high, therefore the efficiency of the system is low. In order to overcome this negation, high-efficiency fuel cells that operate directly with methanol have been developed. According to studies conducted, a methanol-reformer fuel-driven vehicle emits 40%–70% more CO2 comparing to a similar petrol vehicle. Besides, there are also CO and hydrocarbon emissions. Methanol is toxic, water miscible, and very corrosive substance. Because of these features, more specific safety precautions are needed when compared to the petrol during the transportation and use. Its negative properties and high emissions prevent methanol from being a highly preferred fuel.
Anaerobic digestion of various feedstocks for second-generation biofuel production
R. Muthudineshkumar, R. Anand, in Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment, 2019
6.12 Conclusion
The biogas production from anaerobic digestion is affected by temperature, pressure, pH inside the digester, carbon nitrogen ratio in the feedstock, and the type of digester used. The composition of biogas mainly depends on the activity of the different types of microorganisms that take part in the decomposition of the substrate at the various levels. The activity of these microorganisms mainly depends on the temperature, pH, and pressure; this also applies to their survival and reproduction. The favorable temperature range seen was 50–60°C and the pH level inside the digester for producing higher methane in the biogas and a higher activity of the microorganism ranges from 5.5 to 7.5, depending on the stages of the anaerobic digester. The carbon-nitrogen ratio affects the pH value, and therefore the activity of the microorganism and biogas production. The maximum carbon nitrogen ratio allowed for having a pH value close to 7 is 30:1. The HRT is 25 days longer in a two-stage mesophilic digester than a single-stage thermophilic digester. It is so because the temperature in the thermophilic digester is 20°C higher than the mesophilic digester, which helps the thermophilic digester increase the activity of the microorganisms. To improve the anaerobic digestion of waste sludge, chemical, thermal, mechanical, ultrasound, and ozone pretreatment processes have been developed to accelerate the decomposition of the sludge. However, the current pretreatment usually involves considerable energy consumption and high expenditures, making them less acceptable for practical application.
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Explanation:
Answer:
Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol amongst other names, is a chemical with the formula CH₃OH. It is a light, volatile, colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive alcoholic odour similar to that of ethanol. A polar solvent, methanol acquired the name wood alcohol because it was once produced chiefly by the destructive distillation of wood. Today, methanol is mainly produced industrially by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.
Explanation: