categraphy of plastics
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Cartography 1950-2000
Arthur H Robinson, Joel L Morrison, Phillip C Muehrcke
Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 3-18, 1977
The authors review the changes that have taken place in cartography since 1950 and hazard guesses regarding future developments. These are occurring on a base of technological innovations, primarily in photogrammetry and plastics, and a sudden increase in interest in cartography, largely a consequence of the Second World War. Cartography has emerged by 1976 into an identifiable scholarly and scientific field in contrast to its status 50 years earlier. It exhibits a generally accepted need, an up-to-date technology, and a body of scholarly literature. As this growth has occurred, so has argument regarding the essential character of the field: whether science, art, or both. Thematic cartography has burgeoned since 1950, and concern for the map user has led to increasing research in cartographic design and investigations of the theoretical side of the field. Technological developments since 1950 have been revolutionary; computers, electronic devices, and sophisticated spacecraft innovations are having profound effects. Many of the time-consuming aspects of cartography are now readily done with computer-plotter methods. Data acquisition methods have enormously increased the available information, and the cartographer is now intimately involved in the whole procedure. Remote sensing applications seem likely to be as far reaching as the new orthophotomap and there seems no limit to what may come about as a consequence of data banks and interactive practices. Institutionally, cartography has shown enormous growth since 1950. Nearly 30 societies and over 40 journals have come into being, most of them since 1950. Cartography has become an accepted academic
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thermo plastics and the thermosets