Question

Cation are having smaller radii then that of their parent atom and anion are having larger radii than their parent atom. Why?​

Answer 1

Answer:

A cation is smaller than the parent atom because it has fewer electrons while its nuclear charge remains the same. The size of anion will be larger than that of parent atom because the addition of one or more electrons would result in increased repulsion among the electrons and a decrease in effective nuclear charge.

Answer 2

Explanation:

Cations are formed by expelling an electron from outermost orbit of an atom, thus cation has less electrons compared to parent atom which results in increased effective nuclear charge but the total nuclear charge remains same which results in increased attraction of electrons towards nucleus than that of parent atom. Thus, cations are having smaller radii then that of their parent atom.

Anions are formed by gaining an electron in the outermost orbit of an atom, thus anion has more electrons compared to parent atom which results in decreased effective nuclear charge but the total nuclear charge remains same which results in increased distance the nucleus and the valence electrons as the attraction of electrons towards nucleus decreases than that of parent atom. Thus, anions are having larger radii then that of their parent atom.

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