causes and treatment of diabetes
Answers
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Causes--
Diabetes is a chronic condition associated with abnormally high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Insulin produced by the pancreas lowers blood glucose. Absence or insufficient production of insulin, or an inability of the body to properly use insulin causes diabetes.
Treatment--
Metformin (Glucophage, Glumetza, others). Generally, metformin is the first medication prescribed for type 2 diabetes. It works by lowering glucose production in the liver and improving your body's sensitivity to insulin so that your body uses insulin more effectively.
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⭐️DIABETES⭐️
Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar. The hormone insulin moves sugar from the blood into your cells to be stored or used for energy. With diabetes, your body either doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t effectively use the insulin it does make.
Untreated high blood sugar from diabetes can damage your nerves, eyes, kidneys, and other organs.
➡️Types:-
⚫️Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. The immune system attacks and destroys cells in the pancreas, where insulin is made. It’s unclear what causes this attack. About 10 percent of people with diabetes have this type.
⚫️Type 2 diabetes occurs when your body becomes resistant to insulin, and sugar builds up in your blood.
➡️Causes:-
⚫️Type 1 diabetes:
Doctors don’t know exactly what causes type 1 diabetes. For some reason, the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
Genes may play a role in some people. It’s also possible that a virus sets off the immune system attack.
⚫️Type 2 diabetes:
Type 2 diabetes stems from a combination of genetics and lifestyle factors. Being overweight or obese increases your risk too. Carrying extra weight, especially in your belly, makes your cells more resistant to the effects of insulin on your blood sugar.
This condition runs in families. Family members share genes that make them more likely to get type 2 diabetes and to be overweight.
➡️ Treatment:-
⚫️Type 1 diabetes:
Insulin is the main treatment for type 1 diabetes. It replaces the hormone your body isn’t able to produce.
There are four types of insulin that are most commonly used. They’re differentiated by how quickly they start to work, and how long their effects last:
*Rapid-acting insulin starts to work within 15 minutes and its effects last for 3 to 4 hours.
*Short-acting insulin starts to work within 30 minutes and lasts 6 to 8 hours.
*Intermediate-acting insulin starts to work within 1 to 2 hours and lasts 12 to 18 hours.
*Long-acting insulin starts to work a few hours after injection and lasts 24 hours or longer.
⚫️Type 2 diabetes:
Diet and exercise can help some people manage type 2 diabetes. If lifestyle changes aren’t enough to lower your blood sugar, you’ll need to take medication.
These drugs lower your blood sugar in a variety of ways:
*Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (Slow your body’s breakdown of sugars and starchy foods) e.g.Acarbose (Precose) and miglitol (Glyset)
*Biguanides (Reduce the amount of glucose your liver makes)
e.g.Metformin (Glucophage)
*DPP-4 inhibitors (Improve your blood sugar without making it drop too low)
e.g.Linagliptin (Tradjenta), saxagliptin (Onglyza), and sitagliptin (Januvia)
*Glucagon-like peptides (Change the way your body produces insulin)
e.g.Dulaglutide (Trulicity), exenatide (Byetta), and liraglutide (Victoza)
*Meglitinides (Stimulate your pancreas to release more insulin)
e.g.Nateglinide (Starlix) and repaglinide (Prandin)
*SGLT2 inhibitors (Release more glucose into the urine)
e.g.Canagliflozin (Invokana) and dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
*Sulfonylureas (Stimulate your pancreas to release more insulin)
e.g.Glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase), glipizide (Glucotrol), and glimepiride (Amaryl)
*Thiazolidinediones (Help insulin work better)
e.g.Pioglitazone (Actos) and rosiglitazone (Avandia)
You may need to take more than one of these drugs. Some people with type 2 diabetes also take insulin.
Hope it proved to be beneficial...