causes of glaciation for 12 marks
significance of glaciation for 12 marks
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This changee the climate, which in turn affect the formation of glacier.
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Glaciers form when the snow accumulating on land from one winter does not melt before the next winter's snow arrives. This causes a layering of each year's snow on top of all the previous years' snow. Over many years, this layering can build up to great depths (about 2 miles deep at the South Pole). The Earth's largest ice sheets, the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, are glaciers. In contrast, though, most of the Earth's glaciers are small, some covering less than a square mile.
Because of the influence of the Earth's gravity, large glaciers flow slowly downhill, like a giant river of cold molasses. If they reach the ocean, chunks will occasionally break off (calve) and fall into the ocean. These pieces then become 'icebergs'. Some icebergs from the Antarctic ice cap are huge - as large as the state of Rhode Island.
The rate at which the glacier flows downhill is controlled by many things: how much snow adds to the glacier each winter, the slope of the land, the kind of rock that the glacier flows over, etc. It is not unusual for glaciers to "surge", with rapid movement in some years.
Because of the influence of the Earth's gravity, large glaciers flow slowly downhill, like a giant river of cold molasses. If they reach the ocean, chunks will occasionally break off (calve) and fall into the ocean. These pieces then become 'icebergs'. Some icebergs from the Antarctic ice cap are huge - as large as the state of Rhode Island.
The rate at which the glacier flows downhill is controlled by many things: how much snow adds to the glacier each winter, the slope of the land, the kind of rock that the glacier flows over, etc. It is not unusual for glaciers to "surge", with rapid movement in some years.
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