Question

causes of stagnation and backwardness of Indian agriculture

Answer 1

The main causes of India’s agricultural stagnation during the colonial period were :

(i) Land Revenue System—According to

zamindari system, the zamindars were j recognised as permanent owners of the land", j The profit accruing out of the agriculture sector i went to the zamindars instead of cultivators. However, both zamindars and colonial government did nothing to improve the condition of agriculture. Zamindars were to pay a fixed sum to the government as land revenue and they were absolutely free to extract as much from the tillers of the soil as they could.

(ii) Lacking Resources—Alongwith the land settlement system, low levels of technology, lack of irrigation facilities and negligible use of fertilisers, all added upto the bad condition of the farmers and contributed to the dismal level of agricultural productivity. Despite of some proposes made in irrigation India’s agriculture starved of investment in tracing flood control, drainage and disalimination of soil.

(iii) Commercialisation of Agriculture—Due to commercialisation of agriculture, there were, some evidences of a relatively higher yield of cash crops in certain areas of the country. But this could not help in improving the conditions of Indian farmers. Instead of producing food crops, now they were producing cash crops, which were ultimately being used by British Industries.

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Answer 2

The main causes for stagnation and backwardness of Indian Agriculture were the Zamindari system, natural disasters like Famine and also the policies of the British government for cultivation of Indigo

Explanation:

• The farmers were the main sufferers during the British period. The agricultural methods did not improve and the Zamindars collected all the profits from the agricultural sectors
• The farmers were forced to grow Indigo since it was one of raw materials needed by the textile industry in Britain. Indigo was used for dying the textile materials. The agricultural sector was mostly producing raw materials for exporting to Britain.
• There were frequent disaster like famine which prevented the  farmers from growing and moving ahead. The government did not take any initiatives for improving the condition of the farmers

To know more about famine

What caused famine conditions in the country?

https://brainly.in/question/3468774