Causes of the Failure of 1956 pakistan Constitution
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Answer:
Causes of Failure of Parliamentary System under Constitution of 1956
Following are causes failure of constitution of 1956
Lack of Leadership
Lack of Leadership played its role in the failure of the constitution of 1956. For Lack of Leadership, Pakistan never found its way to development of its parliamentary system. So, parliamentary system under first constitution of Pakistan failed.
Lack of Political Training
There was lack of political training in the country. Many political parties made without any political goal. Their fight against another for gain power. So, under these circumstances, development of parliamentary system under this constitution failed.
Unicameralism
The constitution of 1956 was introduced unicameral legislature. Through unicameral legislature create many problems for Pakistan and the result martial law was imposed in country.
Delay in Elections
Every political party try to gain power and no one was interested for elections. So, these circumstances, elections were delayed and such delay caused failure of parliamentary system under first constitution of Pakistan 1956.
Non Existence of Economic Equality
Non existence of economic equality in the country was a cause of failure of constitution. Constitution of 1956 described some principles for economic development of country, yet nepotism and feudalism checked the constitution from implementing those principles. Finally, parliamentary system under this constitution failed.
Lack of State Parliamentary System
Constitution of 1956 provided those principles which never proved convenient for development of parliamentary system. In this way, parliamentary system failed to develop under first constitution of Pakistan.
Role of President
After enforcement of constitution of 1956, role of President remained very authoritative. His undue interference with political parties and ministers kept Pakistan away from constitutional development, and consequently, parliamentary system under this constitution failed.
Role of Army and Bureaucracy
The intervention of the army which played havoc with democratic process. Bureaucracy played a very important role for the failure of the constitution 1956.
Lack of Education
Unfortunately, the people were not well educated and the people were easily influenced by the demagogues. This lack of education also led to the failure of the constitution.
One Unit
All the provinces of West Pakistan was jointed together and made into one unit. It was thought that it would eliminate the prejudices among the Pakistanis but is proved to be a failure and its also led to the failure.
Conclusion
To conclude, it can be stated that constitutional history of Pakistan reveals that there has been a political conflict between head of state and head of government, and such political conflict thas ofthen led the country to political anarchy. And constitutions of Pakistan have either abrogated or suspended in such political anarchy. As far as constitution of 1956 was concerned, it consisted of some positive characteristics, but such political anarchy caused not only its abrogation, but also failure of its parliamentary system.
Answer:
BACKGROUND (1956-1958)
Before abrogation of constitution of 1956, country was facing political instability. Major reason for political haphazard was continuously changing prime ministers. From September-1956 to October-1958, in these two years four prime ministers were changed.
As Chaudhry Muhammad Ali appointed Dr. Khan (an old congressman) chief minister of West-Pakistan, he got vote of no confidence and resigned on 12th September, 1956.
Hussain Shaheed Suharwardi came as new PM and in his era a deadlock was created between both the provinces, on the issue of separate or joint electorate. He also resigned on 18th October, 1957.
I.I Chundrigar held his office of PM and he resigned after two months, on 16th December, 1957 due to same issue.
Mailk Feroz Khan Noon remained prime minister until the martial law was imposed. In his era inflation was at its peak. Due to inflation, people started protest throughout the country and Iskander Mirza called for Martial law.
CAUSES FOR FAILURE OF 1956-CONSTITUTION
Lack of Leadership
The major reason for failure of constitution of 1956 was lack of political leadership. After death of Jinnah and Liaquat Ali, no sincere leader of international stature emerged on the political scenario of country.
Weak Political Parties
In those days there were no organized and disciplined political parties. All were very weak and were facing many sanctions. No party had absolute majority to form government.
Political parties were made and dissolved within a night. There was no rule of floor crossing.