causes responsible for russian revolution?
Answers
Answer:
Autocratic rule of Tsars: In 1914, the Russian emperor was Tsar Nicholas II. He fought a number of wars to expand his empire in the north and west in Europe. He had borne the expenditure of war by taxing the common people of Russia.
Conditions of peasants: Majority of the Russians were agriculturalists. Major part of the land was owned by nobles and clergy and these peasants worked as farmers on daily wages. They were paid less and worked more and sometimes under debt, they were not even paid wages.
Status of industries: Industry was found in pockets. Prominent industrial areas were St. Petersburg and Moscow. Craftsmen undertook much of the production, but large factories existed alongside crafts workshops. Foreign investment in industries increased with the extension of Russia’s railway network.
Conditions of workers in the industries: Most industries were owned by private
industrialists. Though the government supervised factories’ working hours and wages of the workers, but still rules were broken. Women workers were also paid less than men. Some workers formed associations to help members in times of unemployment and financial hardships. ,
Formation of socialist parties: All political parties were illegal in Russia before 1914. The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was founded in 1898 by socialists, who respected Marxist ideas. But because of government policies, it had to operate secretly as an illegal organisation. It set up a newspaper, mobilised workers and organised strikes.
Answer:
I. Political Causes
a. In Russia, Czar ruled in highly autocratic manner.
b. He believed in ‘Divine Theory of Kingship’
c. He did not want any limitation in his power.
d. The common mass had no participation in administration.
II. Social Causes
a. The Russian society was divided into two categories-
i. Privileged Class
ii. Non Privileged Class
b. Privileged class consisted factory owners and get all the facilities from Czar.
c. Non privileged classes consisted the worker and the farmer and get no facilities.
d. 90% of the Russian populations were workers and farmers.
e. 80% of them were earned their living from agriculture.
III. Economic Causes
a. In Russia, the industries were found in pockets.
b. St. Petersburg and Moscow were the prominent industrial areas.
c. Expansion of railways helped in factory set up in 1890s.
d. Worker had to work twelve to fifteen hour and their wages were very less.
e. About 31% of the factory labor were women.
Explanation: