_____Causes retardation of growth and other diseases
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ANSWER:-
Growth disorders include:
Failure to thrive, which isn't a specific growth disorder itself, but can be a sign of an underlying condition causing growth problems. Although it's common for newborns to lose a little weight in the first few days, failure to thrive is a condition in which some infants continue to show slower-than-expected weight gain and growth. Usually caused by inadequate nutrition or a feeding problem, it's most common in kids younger than age 3. It may also be a symptom of another problem, such as an infection, a digestive problem, or child neglect or abuse.
Endocrine diseases (diseases involving hormones, the chemical messengers of the body) involve a deficiency or excess of hormones and can be responsible for growth failure during childhood and adolescence. Growth hormone deficiency is a disorder that involves the pituitary gland (the small gland at the base of the brain that secretes several hormones, including growth hormone). A damaged or malfunctioning pituitary gland may not produce enough hormones for normal growth. Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland fails to make enough thyroid hormone, which is essential for normal bone growth.
Diagnosing a Growth Disorder
The tests a doctor may recommend to detect a growth disorder depend on the findings at each step of evaluation. A short child who's healthy and growing at a normal rate may just be observed throughout childhood, but one who has stopped growing or is growing more slowly than expected will often need additional testing.
Your doctor or an endocrinologist will look for signs of the many possible causes of short stature and growth failure. Blood tests may be done to look for hormone and chromosome abnormalities and to rule out other diseases associated with growth failure. A bone age X-ray might be done and special scans (such as an MRI) can check the pituitary gland for abnormalities.
To measure the ability of the pituitary gland to produce growth hormone, the doctor (usually a pediatric endocrinologist) may do a growth hormone stimulation test. This involves giving the child medications that cause the pituitary gland to secrete growth hormone, then drawing several small blood samples over time to check growth hormone levels.
Treating a Growth Disorder
Although the treatment of a growth problem usually isn't urgent, earlier diagnosis and treatment can help some kids catch up with peers and increase their final height.
If an underlying medical condition is identified, specific treatment may result in improved growth. Growth failure due to hypothyroidism, for example, is usually treated with thyroid hormone replacement pills.
Growth hormone injections for children with growth hormone deficiency, Turner syndrome, and chronic kidney failure may help kids reach a more normal height. Human growth hormone is generally considered safe and effective, although full treatment may take many years and not all kids will have a good response. And the treatment can be costly (about $20,000 to $30,000 per year), although many health insurance plans cover it.
What about growth hormone treatment for short children who aren't growth hormone deficient when tested? The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved its use in such children if they're predicted to reach a very short final height (under 4 feet 11 inches [150 centimeters] for a girl; under 5 feet 4 inches [163 centimeters] for a boy).
Talk with your doctor for more information about treatment options if you're concerned.
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